我們都知道一個古文明最重要的組成是神話部分
而古埃及也是如此。
古埃及知名的動物神祇們
在神話中佔據了很重要的角色
而這些似人似獸、半人半神的神祇
80%的它們仿佛來自同一個整形機構出來那般
有著令人豔羨的完、美、身、材
精準的切割比例、同一個模子打造出來的體型...
身材不夠標準的就被剔除在外
對,說的就是你
然而埃及人之所以尊敬動物
並不是因為動物本身的原因哦!
而是把它看做某位神靈的化身或代表
所以在晚期古埃及的神話體系中
這些動物都被神話+神化了
這也解釋了為什麼埃及的神祗們都有動物的頭?因為每種動物都有明顯的特徵,所以埃及人將神的力量與動物特徵相結合,造就了古埃及人特殊的動物神祗文化。
像埃及戰爭女神塞赫邁特(Sekhmet)一樣,她就是以獅子的頭來顯示自己是多麼的兇猛好戰。
Sekhmet is the goddess of war. Those bornunder this sign are optimistic and imaginative. They have a wide range ofinterests and skill and are resilient.
古埃及的神話故事對比古希臘的同樣也很精彩~關係一樣混亂並錯綜複雜... 將古埃及動物神祗數量粗略算算,大概也就好幾百個吧!
而神話故事中的動物神祗當然也有所謂C位的區別~越是排位靠前的神祗們,身份當然越重要!這些神祗在古埃及幾千年的歷史演變中,有的進化了、產生分身的、或是將好幾個分身合而為一的....
恩沒錯~這只是我們一小部分的家人哦~
讓我們一起探究遙遠而神秘的古埃及,看看這些時而化作獸首人身或直接以動物形象出現的神祗都有哪些故事?
文章將分成(上)、(下)兩篇,介紹最為人所知的Top 10人氣動物神祗!趕緊來看看這裡面你認識有哪幾個?
Have you ever wondered why are there Egyptian gods and goddesses with animal heads? The unique thing about Egyptian gods and goddesses is this point because each animal has obvious explanation. The connection between the gods and goddesses to the animals is the combination of the god’s power and animal’s characteristics. Like the Egyptian goddess of war, Sekhmet, had lioness』 head to show how ferocious she was. There are many more of such awesome gods and goddesses in our list today,so check them out!
1. Ra 拉 (太陽神)
拉(Ra)是神祗中權位最高的太陽神,頭是鷹,頭頂上戴的是象徵太陽的圓盤和蛇。不過這位埃及玉皇大帝原始形象是一輪金色的太陽圓盤,後來加的蛇或其他東西的都是進化版。
歷史上說,Ra每天騎著他的太陽船穿越天空。晚上他便以一個公羊頭的人的形象出現,穿越冥界以擊敗混亂的盟友。他是非常強大的埃及神,每個人都崇拜他。
基本上在神話中跟太陽有關係的都是狠角色...
God of the Sun
He was the supreme sun god whosehead was of a hawk and crowned with a solar disk and serpent. The history sayseach day Ra traveled across the sky in the form of the sun by riding his solarboat. At night, he appeared as a ram-headed man and journeyed through the underworld to defeat allies of chaos. He was the very powerful Egyptian god,and everyone worshiped him.
2. Anubis 阿努比斯(死神)
阿努比斯(Anubis)是古埃及神話中的死神,主管木乃伊製作和死後世界,以胡狼頭(也有一說是狗)、豎著耳朵、手執生命之符和權杖配以人身的形象出現在法老的壁畫中。
Anubis最初是冥界之王,然而隨著人們對歐西裡斯Osiris(他父親)的崇拜,他變成了冥界的引路者。又因為Anubis是處理屍體這一行的祖師爺,所以古埃及製作木乃伊的師傅們工作時必須配戴胡狼頭面具,以求可以獲得他的庇蔭。
Protector of the Dead
With the name of jackal-headed man or jackal, Anubis is one of the most powerful Egyptian gods. As the protector of the dead, he was also closely associated with mummification as well. And in the hall of judgment, Anubis was the one who conducted the deceased to the hall.
3. Bastet 貝斯特(貓神)
對於最有人氣的喵神貝斯特(Bastet)來說,很多人或許搞錯了,以為她是貓的保護者,其實她是保護孕婦和兒童的神祗!傳說中她協助Anubis對抗邪靈打敗了攻擊Ra的蛇,所以被埃及人視為守護者,他們相信貝斯特可以替他們驅逐邪惡與疾病。當然了,加上埃及人特愛貓,所以Bastet自然也受到重視。
以前她的神廟裡住著許多貓,在它們死後都被做成了木乃伊....
如此栩栩如生的摸樣....即使身為鏟屎官的我都被嚇的不輕
Cat goddess
She was not the protector of cats, she was god who protected pregnant women and children. And of course,there were many cats lived in her temple, they were mummified when they died. Because Egyptians worshiped the Cat Goddess that is why killing or hurting catsresulted in penalties.
4. Horus 荷魯斯(法老的守護神)
荷魯斯(Horus),是古埃及神話中法老的守護神,王權的象徵,同時也是復仇之神。他可以變成一隻鷹或者一個有鷹頭的人。作為天神,他也是國王的神聖保護者。
化作動物形象出現的Horus,是不是看起來萌萌嗒?
God of War, Sky, and Falcons
He was the god with a hawk’s head, and he wasthe enemy of wicked God Seth. He could transform to either a hawk or a man withhead of a hawk. As a god of the sky, he was also the divine protector of thekings as well. This god of war also defeated Seth and became the king of Egypt.He is the patron saint of the pharaohs ofancient Egypt mythology, the symbol of royalty, but also the God of vengeance.
5. Sekhmet 賽克美特(母獅神)
這就是我們開頭說過的古埃及神話[戰神和烈日之神],據傳她是太陽神Ra的女兒(也有傳說是由他的眼睛變成),所以才會跟父親Ra一樣頭上飾有太陽日輪和蛇。
到了埃及晚期,埃及人便將她的形象和穆特Mut混合,又把她與起源於下埃及的喵神Bastet相結合....埃及人可能覺得把貓科動物全合併在一起比較方便??所以到了後來這三個神有時候也會被看作是同一人。
With the head of lioness, Sekhmet was the daughter of Ra, the god of the sun. That was why she crowned with solar disk and sacred serpent just like Ra himself. There are a lot of meaning is her name such as Mistress of Dread, Lady of Slaughter, She Who Mauls, and more. Besides her, Maahes, Pakhet, and Tefnutwere also the Egyptian gods with head of a lion.
.To be continued
(我是分割線)
在我們古埃及系列活動中,我們除了與孩子們一起探究有趣的動物神祗之外,還有神秘的法老王、金字塔以及著名的[獅身人面像]!
以下為上課內容圖片
PREVIOUS ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART CLASSES
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是不是很精彩呢?
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