中國人說話喜歡打比方,特別是以動物類比。
最常見的例子,形容一個人吃相難看,我們常常會脫口而出:
這人吃飯怎麼和豬一樣啊!
How come he/she eats like a pig?
Sir Humphrey Appleby:
Minister, Britain has had the same foreign policy objective for at least the last 500 years: to create a disunited Europe. In that cause we have fought with the Dutch against the Spanish, with the Germans against the French, with the French and Italians against the Germans, and with the French against the Germans and Italians. Divide and rule, you see. Why should we change now, when it's worked so well?
James Hacker:
That's all ancient history, surely.
Sir Humphrey Appleby:
Yes, and current policy. We had to break the whole thing up, so we had to get inside. We tried to break it up from the outside, but that wouldn't work. Now that we're inside we can make a complete pig's breakfast of the whole thing: set the Germans against the French, the French against the Italians, the Italians against the Dutch. The Foreign Office is terribly pleased; it's just like old times.
rat在英語裡常常表示「小人」、「卑鄙的人」。作為動詞可以用來表示「告密」。具體用法是rat on或者rat sb. out。這裡的rat on等於tell on。例如:
They will kill you if they find out you've ratted on them!
他們要知道是你告的密,肯定會殺了你。
You can't rat out your teammates.
你不能打隊友的小報告。
smell a rat則可以表示「感到情況有些可疑」。「某件事看起來很可疑」也可以說something smells fishy,又是一個和動物有關的詞組。例如:
The High Court will smell a rat if Mr. Singh is sacked.
如果辛格被解僱的話,最高法院就會發現事情不對勁。
The whole thing is beginning to smell fishy to me.
我開始覺得這整件事都有點不對勁了。
剛才提到了fishy這個詞表示「可疑」,fish還可以當做動詞使用。
fish about/around/for就表示在包裡或口袋裡找東西,例如:
She fished around/about in her purse and pulled out a photo.
她在錢包裡翻了一通,然後拿出一張照片。
Chris fished in his pocket for a coin.
克裡斯翻遍了口袋找硬幣。
fish for還可以表示「轉彎抹角地獲取某種東西」,例如:
He didn't want to create the impression that he was fishing for information.
他不想給人留下拐彎抹角打探消息的印象。
fish for compliments這個詞組就更有意思了:
「先假裝批評自己,然後引誘別人來誇獎自己」,這簡直就是街坊大媽聊天的慣常操作嘛:
大媽A:唉,我兒子真是不靠譜,剛從清華研究生畢業,又跑到哈佛讀博士去了,一年到頭也見不了兩面,這兒子算是白養了!
大媽B:你兒子多有出息啊,比我閨女強多了!我閨女剛剛開始創業,一下子就拿了5個億的融資,每天忙得要死要活的,雖然在北京,可幾乎都不著家!這個死丫頭!
與fish for compliments相關,還有一個詞叫humblebrag。顧名思義,就是用貌似謙虛的方式來自誇:
「I don't know why anybody would want my autograph!」 he humblebragged.
他假惺惺地說,「唉呀我也不知道別人為什麼想買我的自傳!」
最後我們再來看看雞(chicken)。
Chicken作引申義講時,意思是「膽小鬼」,分別有名詞、形容詞和動詞用法。
Don't be such a chicken!
不要做膽小鬼!
You are not chickening out, are you?
你該不會是怕了吧?
Dave's too chicken to ask her out.
大衛太慫了,不敢約她出去。
學了這麼多,我們最後來總結一下:
豬:eat like a pig/pig out on/make a pig of someone/and pigs might fly/make a pig's (dog's) breakfast of sth/hog (the bathroom, limelight)
驢:for donkey's years (till the cows come home)/asinine
狗:dog eat dog/dogged
鼠:rat on/rat somebody out/smell a rat (something smells fishy)
魚:fish about (around)/fish for (information, compliments, etc.)
雞:be a chicken/chicken out
大家還有什麼有意思的詞彙表達,也歡迎給我留言。
(文中例句來自朗文當代英語詞典、柯林斯詞典、牛津高階英漢雙解詞典)