以下是對Chjango 的提問和她的回答,為了方便閱讀,部分內容有刪改,Enjoy It!
Q1:第一次做客我們的AMA,雖然大家對Cosmos 有一定了解,但還是請您對Cosmos 做一個簡單的項目介紹,Cosmos 的願景是什麼,打算解決區塊鏈世界的什麼問題?
C:Three years ago, Jae and Ethan set out on a mission to build the tools for enabling an interconnected network of blockchains. Jae realized quickly that the number of application specific blockchains would only grow over time, not centralize onto any single one.
As this vision of an Internet of Blockchains emerged, naturally, interoperability became the core thesis that Cosmos set out to prove. And the rest of the industry eventually came to realize that not only was the vision credible, but something that would generate a lot of value. That’s why now, in 2019, there are so many projects interested in interop whereas in 2016, people looked at Jae like he was crazy and had an idea that would never work.
譯:三年前,Jae 和Ethan 立下了一個目標:建立能夠讓區塊鏈網絡實現互聯的工具。Jae很快意識到針對應用程式定製的區塊鏈的數量將隨著時間的推移將不斷的增長,而不是局限在某單一的區塊鏈。
隨著「區塊鏈間的網際網路」這個願景逐漸清晰,很自然的,互操作性成為Cosmos想證明的核心主題。隨著行業逐漸意識到這個願景不僅僅是可信的,而且可能產生很大的價值。
這就是為什麼在2019年有非常多的項目對跨鏈和互操作性這個領域如此感興趣,而在2016年,大家都認為Cosmos的創始人Jae Kown是一個瘋子,他的想法永遠不會實現。
Q2:能否簡單介紹一下您的個人背景?怎樣的一個機緣下接觸加密貨幣和加入Cosmos 團隊?你之前在NASA 工作,這是否和你之後加入Cosmos 團隊有關。因為Cosmos 正是宇宙的意思。
C:Bitcoin was my gateway drug into the cryptosphere. Back then, there was only Bitcoin and a handful of other forks of Bitcoin out in the wild. Ethereum was the new, totally different thing when I started out, but I was mostly interested in Bitcoin. I come from the US, at the epicenter that caused the global financial crisis in 2008 and I did a lot of research reverse engineering what had caused the crisis. Out of that research, I discovered Bitcoin as the way out of such a fragile system that the majority of the world still runs on.
Fast forward another 3 years of diving into the deepest rabbit hole I had ever gotten into, I found out about Cosmos in an Epicenter podcast episode. At that time, I had been a cryptocurrency journalist and my research at the time was on EOS and PoS protocols. That was when I thought, 「Proof of Stake?! That』ll never work.」 But then, as I did more research about Tendermint, my opinion slowly changed, and I joined Tendermint in 2017 as their first and only technical writer to communicate what the team and the protocol was doing to the rest of the world.
Yes, I worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) as an intern when I was in university and then as a full time employee after I graduated university. NASA has 10 facilities across the US and JPL is there laboratory that focuses on the Mars Rovers. It was purely happy coincidence that I started my early career in the aerospace industry and ended up at Cosmos in the blockchain industry.
譯:比特幣是我進入幣圈的入門讀物。當時,幣圈只有比特幣和其他幾個比特幣的分叉。以太坊當時是一個全新的,完全不同的東西,但我最感興趣的還是比特幣。
我來自美國,在2008年引發的全球金融危機中,我做了很多研究,反思是什麼導致了這場危機。在這項研究中,我發現比特幣是擺脫這個脆弱系統的一條出路,而這個系統至今仍在運行。
再過了3年,我潛入了我所經歷過的最深的兔子洞,在一期Epicenter 的播客節目中,我發現了Cosmos 。當時,我是一名加密貨幣方向的記者,我當時的研究是EOS和PoS協議。就在那時,我想:PoS永遠行不通…
但是,隨著我對Tendermint 做了更多的研究,我的觀點慢慢改變了,我在2017年加入Tendermint,成為他們第一個也是唯一一個向世界其他地方傳達團隊和協議所做事情的技術作家。
是的,我大學時在噴氣推進實驗室(JPL)實習,大學畢業後成為全職員工。美國航天局在美國有10個設施,JPL實驗室專注於火星探測器。我剛開始在航空航天行業的職業生涯,最後在區塊鏈行業的Cosmos 工作,這純屬巧合。
Q3:最近Zilliqa 的CEO、CTO紛紛宣布離職,核心成員一年多就幾乎全選擇離開團隊,而Cosmos 作為一個已經開發了4年左右的項目,是什麼理由使得團隊的核心成員仍然堅守在這個項目?
C:A project’s success ultimately boils down to its founders. If a founder enters the space with the intention of raising a lot of money but with no intention of delivering on its promises, then the resulting outcome will be similar to a Zilliqa scenario.
Ultimately, when evaluating which projects have long-standing potential against projects that will burn brightly then fizzle out quickly, you need to evaluate both the credibility of the people behind the projects and the robustness of the code and products they deliver. The reason why Cosmos is such a strong project is because of the people. Cosmos is sort of a high-density mass, like the sun, around which the most talented and creative people gravitate towards because of the people behind the project who embody the genuine passion to see through the dream of pushing cryptocurrency into mainstream relevancy.
譯:一個項目的成功歸根結底要歸功於它的
創始人。
如果一個創始人進入這一領域的目的是籌集大量資金,但無意兌現承諾,那麼最終的結果將出現你說的情景。
最終,評估哪些項目具有長期潛力,而哪些項目可能很快會失敗,您需要評估項目背後人員的可信度,以及他們所交付的代碼和產品的健壯性。
Cosmos 之所以如此強大,是因為人。
Cosmos 是一種強凝聚力的項目,就像太陽一樣被環繞,最有才華和創造力的人被吸引,因為項目背後的人體現了真正的激情,希望將加密貨幣推向主流世界的夢想。
Q4:作為一個項目的創始人,你認為他需要具備像政治家一樣的才能嗎?大家對Jae C:Kwon 的印象還是太低調,默默專注於開發的工作。似乎大家都覺得一個項目的創始人具備政治家的才能,它成功的可能性更大。你覺得Cosmos 需要這樣子嗎?
Authenticity is a virtue I value above all, and if the way that Jae acts in public is congruent with what he is genuinely like, then I see no problem with his personality. Perhaps a lot of founders will play the political game, but that is not the focus at Cosmos. Many projects will go to great lengths to pump their tokens, but those actions lead to short-term bumps in their market cap. The work that we do at Cosmos today, and every day, will be work that future generations can benefit from and build upon. And optimizing for that kind of value always leads to long term, sustained fundamental value that cannot be faked or copied.
譯:真實性是我最看重的品德。
比如Jae 在公眾的行為舉止和他這個人真實的樣子一樣,那麼我覺得他的性格就是沒問題的。
也許有很多加密貨幣的創始人想扮演政治領袖的角色,但是這並不是Cosmos 這個項目所聚焦的點。
許多項目會選擇使出渾身解數去讓拉盤他們的代幣,但這些行為會導致項目的市值在短期不合理的劇烈波動。
Cosmos 如今每天做的工作,將是未來的幾代人可以從中受益,並在其基礎上繼續發展。
使這種價值最優化一定是很長期的事情,我們堅信,可持續性的基本面價值不能作假和複製。
Q5:IBC 的開發工作進度如何,預計什麼時間能夠完成並且部署到主網上?
C:The IBC spec and implementation is nearly finished. We’re in the release candidate phase, which means we’re in the final stretch. You can play with the prototype and practice cross-chain transacting here:
https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/blob/joon/ibc-gaia-interface/cmd/gaiacli/README.md#receive-packet
Join the IBC working group here: t.me/ibcprotocol
譯:IBC 規範和實現已經接近完成。我們正處於發布候選階段,這意味著我們已經進入了最後階段。
您可以在這裡使用原型並做跨鏈交易練習:
https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/blob/joon/ibc-gaia-interface/cmd/gaiacli/README.md#receive-packet
你也可以加入IBC的電報工作組了解最新的情況:t.me/ibcprotocol
Q6:關於最近一次的主網升級,好像出現了一點小狀況,能給大家講一下是什麼情況嗎?
C:The full details of the issue is disclosed in this retrospective:
https://forum.cosmos.network/t/vulnerability-coordination-retrospective-cosmos-mainnet-security-advisory-magenta-09-30-2019/2850
譯:我分享一份報告吧,這份報告匯報了該問題的全部細節:
https://forum.cosmos.network/t/vulnerability-coordination-retrospective-cosmos-mainnet-security-advisory-magenta-09-30-2019/2850
整個Cosmos 生態系統中的所有利益相關者必須共同承擔責任。最重要的是,我們非常感謝社區不斷為安全做出的貢獻。
Q7:Tendermint BFT 共識在Cosmos 中扮演一個什麼角色?有什麼優勢?
C:Currently, to be interoperable (ecosystem-compatible) within the Cosmos Network, your blockchain must run on Tendermint. But later, as the tooling matures and becomes more modular, you could swap out Tendermint for any consensus engine, as long as it has finality. Tendermint BFT is competitive when you want blocks that finalize - that finalize quickly - and when you want to use a proven Proof of Stake solution.
譯:目前,為了和Cosmos 網絡達成互操作性,你的區塊鏈必須基於Tendermint 共識。
隨著生態工具的成熟和模塊化,你可以把Tendermint共識引擎換成任何其他的共識引擎,唯一的要求是它需要有終結性。
當你想使用POS的解決方案時,Tendermint BFT在終結性上是有很大競爭力的,因為區塊會很快的終結。
Q8:Cosmos SDK 在應用程式層中覆蓋哪些功能模塊?如果人們不用Cosmos 網絡而只用SDK,那麼ATOM 還有什麼優勢呢?
C:Here is the full list of modules in the SDK:
https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/tree/master/x
That list will keep growing as developers start upstreaming their modules.
The advantage of the SDK is that it makes it really easy to plug in IBC. So once IBC adoption hits critical mass, the network will be heavily utilized, necessitating greater security and utilization of the network, which will result in a value accrual story.
譯:這是Cosmos SDK 模塊的所有列表:
https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/tree/master/x
這個列表將隨著開發者不斷添加他們開發的模塊而不斷增加,Cosmos SDK 的優勢是它能夠讓你簡單的把IBC 模塊插入SDK。
所以一旦IBC獲得大量採用,網絡效應會變得很強大,同時網絡的安全性能和效用大大增加,這就是Cosmos 網絡基本的價值捕獲故事。
Q9:Cosmos 在跨鏈智能合約和數據隱私方面有未來的工作計劃嗎?
C:Yes, those will be on the ongoing roadmap.
譯:是的,這些在路線圖裡。
Q10:目前Cosmos 網絡1/3的籌碼被5個驗證者控制。很多人詬病Cosmos 網絡過於中心化。同時Cosmos Hub 沒有採取任何措施來明確促使投票權重去中心化,是否過於相信驗證者的道德?或者說在沒有明確的去中心化的激勵機制下,整個網絡反而會越來越中心化。
C:As Cosmos Hub governance relies solely on ATOM holders, the community must propose decentralization policies and vote on which proposals would facilitate the most optimal outcome.
譯:因為Cosmos Hub 的治理只依賴於代幣ATOM 的持有者,所以社區必須自己提出去中心化的政策和建議,然後投票選出最優化的結果。
Q11:節點數量和地址數量也是評判一個項目能否獲取大量網絡效應的指標。比特幣和以太坊都有數千個節點。在2-3年後,Cosmos 的節點數量會達到300個。你覺得作為一個願景宏大,想成為Internet of Blockchain 的項目來說,Cosmos 的節點數不到300,總地址數量不到1萬個 ,是否遠遠不夠?
C:Proof of Work networks and Proof of Stake are fundamentally incomparable without weighing their tradeoffs. There is a lot of research being done in the Proof of Stake space that attempts to have both PoS and millions of validating nodes. That is still an area of research and we don’t know if it is safe to implement yet in production. But we do know that BFT PoS does work in production. And while Tendermint can support up to 300 validating nodes in the future, it doesn’t mean there can’t be much more full nodes that don’t produce blocks but do store the blockchain.
譯:POW 網絡和POS 網絡在基本面上是不協調不匹配的。
在POS 領域已經有人做了很多研究,他們試圖同時保持POS 共識,同時網絡擁有數百萬的驗證節點。
這個領域仍舊處在研究當中,我們不知道這應用於實踐時這是否是安全的。
但是我們知道BFT POS 共識目前在實際中已經能夠運轉了。
目前Tendermint 在未來能夠支持300個驗證節點,但是這不意味著未來不能有更多的全節點。
Q12:關於代幣的價值捕獲,很多人詬病Atom代幣的價值捕獲能力太弱,除了Stake 維護網絡獲取利息、投票、抵押之外,暫時沒有其他作用。對此你怎麼看。IBC上線後,ATOM 的價值捕獲能力是否會更強?
C:When the network has more utility, it will capture value. When hundreds of apps are running on a later above the IBC layer, then naturally, value will flow through the ATOM as transactions are made across connected blockchains.
譯:我認為當網絡有更多的效用時,它就會捕獲價值。當數百個應用程式運行在稍後版本的IBC層之上的時,隨著交易區塊鏈的跨鏈進行,價值自然會流經ATOM。
Q13:在中國社區,大家都喜歡和習慣把Cosmos 和波卡比較,從您的角度,談談關於與波卡的競爭與合作關係?
C:I like Ethereum.
譯:我喜歡以太坊。
Q14:Gavin Wood 最近接受採訪稱:Tendermint 並不是什麼新的技術,在幾年前就已經出現。每條鏈必須建立在信任Cosmos Hub 的基礎上才能實現互聯,這並非一個去信任的生態系統。你如何看待這個觀點?
C:I’m surprised that he is able to turn the number of years that Tendermint has been around into a negative thing. New technology does not equate to true innovation. The fact that Tendermint has been around for so long and has finally launched a public blockchain in production that projects like Binance and Libra want to fork it and build off of it is a sign that Tendermint is on the right track. And yes - it does take that long for code to be good enough to run in production. This is why Eth 2 is estimated to be ready well beyond 2020. It may even take Polkadot that long to deliver on all of its promised features.
譯:很驚訝Gavin Wood 會把Tendermint 數年來所達成的成果描述成一件消極的事物。
新科技不等同於真正的創新。事實是Tendermint 已經存在數年,並且最終有Binance Dex 這樣能實際運轉的區塊鏈應用基於它發布。
又如最近Libra的分叉OpenLibra 基於Tendermint建立,這說明Tendermint正走在正確的道路上。
需要花費很長的時間去寫足夠好的能夠使區塊鏈實際運轉的代碼。
這就是為什麼ETH2.0預估要在2020年以後才能出來的原因,Polkadot 想要實現它承諾的所有功能,也許將花費更長的時間。
Q15:Cosmos在全球社區推廣和合作的重點在哪裡,如何平衡開發者社區和投資者社區,你們的社區建設的訣竅是什麼?
C:Cosmos, like the known universe, is expanding. It will expand to every part of the globe eventually. And later, beyond the moon.
The secret to building a community the way we did it in Cosmos is to put your branding first. The only marketing we』ve ever done was through word of mouth marketing. We created trust with community members and provided educational value first as a way to establish authority. A lot of the core members in Cosmos have been around in cryptocurrency for a long time, support other teams doing cool things in cryptocurrency - not just on Cosmos - and establish an emaculate reputation that has gotten us far, all without having to do excessive PR.
Once you build your developer community, the rest will come. Once people realize there’s value in the thing that you’re building, everyone will want a piece of the pie. That’s why the focus has always centered around developer usability. Because they are the people who build the products that get the users.
譯:Cosmos,就像我們知道的宇宙一樣,正在不斷的擴張。它最終將擴展至全球每個角落。最終,不止步於月球(Moon)。建立社區的秘訣,就如同我們在Cosmos 項目上做的那樣,把你的品牌放在第一位。
我們唯一做過的營銷就是通過口碑營銷。我們與社區成員建立信任,並首先提供教育價值,以此建立權威。
Cosmos 的許多核心成員長期以來一直使用加密貨幣,支持其他團隊使用加密貨幣做一些很酷的事情——不僅僅是在Cosmos 上,並建立一個讓我們走得更遠的完美聲譽,所有這些都不必做過多的公關。
一旦你建立了你的開發者社區,其他人就會被你吸引過來。一旦人們意識到你正在建造的東西有價值,每個人都會想要過來共襄盛舉。這就是為什麼關注重點總是針對開發人員的可用性。因為他們是為用戶製作喜歡的產品。
Q16:Cosmos 和以太坊,是Polkadot 直接的競爭對手嗎?
C:Polkadot’s design is more a competitor to Eth 2 because the Polkadot’s relay chain/parachain design and Ethereum’s beacon chain/sharded contracts designs are very similar. That is more of an apples to apples comparison.
Polkadot and the Eth 2 model are still the 「one giant chain to rule all dApps」 paradigm whereas Cosmos is about chain sovereignty.
The key thing for Cosmos though, is for all these chains to speak IBC when they want to talk to other chains.
In the landscape of all 「interop」 projects though, there is only Cosmos building a real communications protocol across blockchains that’s not just a bridge between one blockchain and their blockchain.
譯:Polkadot 的設計使得它更多是ETH2.0的競爭者。因為波卡的中繼鏈的設計和以太的信標鏈/分片合約的設計很相似。
波卡和ETH2.0的模型仍舊是一個強有力的鏈控制所有DApp 的範式。而Cosmos 注重的是鏈的主權性。
Cosmos 最關鍵的一點是,當所有這些鏈想互相交流時,他們會通過IBC。
在所有跨鏈題材的項目裡,只有Cosmos 是想在區塊鏈之間建立一個真正的交流協議,而不僅僅是區塊鏈之間的一個橋梁。
Q17:IBC出來以後,IRIS Hub作為第一個與Cosmos Hub連結的項目,兩個項目的開發團隊是否有合併成為一個整體團隊的可能?
C:There is no possibility for the to teams to become one. That would be like saying that all projects that launch chains and open IBC connections will join Tendermint team. That’s not the goal.
譯:兩個團隊合併成一個這不可能。這就好像說所有想啟動新區塊鏈並且開啟IBC進行跨鏈連結的項目,都會加入到 Tendermint 的團隊中 -- 這可不是我們的目標
Q18:IRISnet 的開發團隊作為Cosmos 中國分區的負責人,目前中國區域內Cosmos 的粉絲很多,也很活躍。IRISnet 的信息跨鏈傳輸功能對於Cosmos 的生態來說相當重要,Cosmos 是否會幫助IRISnet 在其他國家進行推廣?
C:We have very aligned incentives and when there are opportunities to collaborate on work together, we take them.
譯:我們有非常一致的動機。所以只要有機會一起合作,我們就會利用這些機會。