科學家開發出原子解析度下的單顆粒冷凍電鏡
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/10/23 14:31:21
近日,英國MRC的分子生物學實驗室Sjors H. W. Scheres、A. Radu Aricescu等研究人員開發出原子解析度下的單顆粒冷凍電鏡。這一研究成果於2020年10月21日在線發表在《自然》上。
研究人員使用一種新的電子源、能量過濾器和照相機來獲得了人膜蛋白β3GABAA受體同源五聚體的1.7Å解析度冷凍電鏡(cryo-EM)結構。此類圖譜可詳細了解小分子配位、溶劑分子的可視化以及多種胺基酸的替代構象,以及有序酸性側鏈和聚糖的明確構建。通過將單顆粒cryo-EM應用於小鼠去鐵蛋白,這一策略產生了1.22Å解析度的重建,從而提供了蛋白質分子的真實原子解析度視圖。而且,許多氫原子的散射電位可以在差異圖中顯示,進而可以直接分析氫鍵網絡。這一技術進步與加速數據採集和改善樣品質量的其他方法相結合,為在常規小分子調節劑高通量篩選和基於結構的藥物發現中cryo-EM的常規應用提供了一條途徑。
據介紹,蛋白質分子中原子的三維位置定義了它們的結構及其在生物過程中的作用。確定越精確的原子坐標,就可以得到越多的化學信息,並且可以推斷出對蛋白質功能的更多機制理解。近年來,cryo-EM單顆粒分析已產生了蛋白質結構,其詳細程度不斷提高。然而,事實證明很難獲得具有足夠解析度來可視化蛋白質中單個原子的cryo-EM重建體。
附:英文原文
Title: Single-particle cryo-EM at atomic resolution
Author: Takanori Nakane, Abhay Kotecha, Andrija Sente, Greg McMullan, Simonas Masiulis, Patricia M. G. E. Brown, Ioana T. Grigoras, Lina Malinauskaite, Tomas Malinauskas, Jonas Miehling, Tomasz Uchaski, Lingbo Yu, Dimple Karia, Evgeniya V. Pechnikova, Erwin de Jong, Jeroen Keizer, Maarten Bischoff, Jamie McCormack, Peter Tiemeijer, Steven W. Hardwick, Dimitri Y. Chirgadze, Garib Murshudov, A. Radu Aricescu, Sjors H. W. Scheres
Issue&Volume: 2020-10-21
Abstract: The three-dimensional positions of atoms in protein molecules define their structure and their roles in biological processes. The more precisely atomic coordinates are determined, the more chemical information can be derived and the more mechanistic insights into protein function may be inferred. Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis has yielded protein structures with increasing levels of detail in recent years1,2. However, it has proved difficult to obtain cryo-EM reconstructions with sufficient resolution to visualize individual atoms in proteins. Here we use a new electron source, energy filter and camera to obtain a 1.7 resolution cryo-EM reconstruction for a human membrane protein, the β3 GABAA receptor homopentamer3. Such maps allow a detailed understanding of small-molecule coordination, visualization of solvent molecules and alternative conformations for multiple amino acids, and unambiguous building of ordered acidic side chains and glycans. Applied to mouse apoferritin, our strategy led to a 1.22 resolution reconstruction that offers a genuine atomic-resolution view of a protein molecule using single-particle cryo-EM. Moreover, the scattering potential from many hydrogen atoms can be visualized in difference maps, allowing a direct analysis of hydrogen-bonding networks. Our technological advances, combined with further approaches to accelerate data acquisition and improve sample quality, provide a route towards routine application of cryo-EM in high-throughput screening of small molecule modulators and structure-based drug discovery.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2829-0
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2829-0