近室溫下具有巨大電熱強度的軟鈣鈦礦型反鐵電體
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/11/25 16:14:57
反鐵電材料具有與相鄰偶極子的反平行排列特徵,由於其電致熱效應,在固體製冷領域具有廣闊的應用前景。儘管無機氧化物和一些有機軟質聚合物取得了很大的進展,但它們的電致熱(EC)效應是在較高的電場下實現的,這導致其在實際應用中的EC強度太低。目前,開發具有較強EC強度的軟反鐵電體是一個挑戰。
通過混合離子合金化,研究人員開發了一種新的鈣鈦礦型軟反鐵電體(isopentylammonium)2CsPb2Br7(1),它同時包含有機間隔陽離子和無機鈣鈦礦化劑Cs+部分。值得注意的是,在321 K和350K下,有機間隔劑的重取向與Cs+離子的原子位移之間的協同作用觸發了其多次鐵電-反鐵電-順電相變。通過對自然極化和電場遲滯回線表徵,確定鐵電和反鐵電分別是1階。在13kV/cm的低電場下,反鐵電相中反極偶極子在1階重排使其具有15.4 K m MV–1的巨大近室溫EC強度(ΔTEC/ΔE)。這一優點與BaTiO3(約16K m/MV)的最高值不相上下,但遠遠超過了最先進的軟聚合物。1的潛在EC機制歸因於極低的開關偶極子的臨界場,包括有機間隔劑的重新定向和Cs+陽離子的移動。此外,顯著的EC熵變(~4.1 J K–1 kg–1)和溫度變化(~2K)揭示了1的固態製冷潛力。
這種近室溫EC強度的發現在混合鈣鈦礦家族中是史無前例的,它為探索新的軟反鐵電材料在高效製冷裝置上的應用提供了方向。
附:英文原文
Title: Soft Perovskite-Type Antiferroelectric with Giant Electrocaloric Strength near Room Temperature
Author: Maofan Li, Shiguo Han, Yi Liu, Junhua Luo, Maochun Hong, Zhihua Sun
Issue&Volume: November 23, 2020
Abstract: Antiferroelectric materials, characterized by an antiparallel array of adjacent dipoles, are holding a bright future for solid-state refrigeration based on their electrocaloric (EC) effects. Despite great advances of inorganic oxides and some organic soft polymers, their EC effects are achieved under quite high electric fields that result in too low EC strengths for practical application. Currently, it is a challenge to exploit soft antiferroelectric with strong EC strengths. Here, by the mixed-cation alloying, we present a new perovskite-type soft antiferroelectric, (isopentylammonium)2CsPb2Br7 (1), which incorporates both an organic spacing cation and an inorganic perovskitizer Cs+ moiety. Remarkably, the synergic cooperativity between the reorientation of the organic spacer and atomic displacement of Cs+ cation triggers its multiple ferroelectric–antiferroelectric–paraelectric phase transitions at 321 and 350 K. Their natural polarization vs electric field hysteresis loops are characterized to confirm ferroelectric and antiferroelectric orders of 1, respectively. It is emphasized that, under a low electric field of 13 kV/cm, the antipolar dipole realignment in 1 endows a giant near-room-temperature EC strength (ΔTEC/ΔE) of 15.4 K m MV–1 at antiferroelectric phase. This merit is on par with the record-high value of BaTiO3 (~16 K m/MV) but far beyond the state-of-the-art soft polymers. The underlying EC mechanism for 1 is ascribed to the extremely low critical field to switch dipoles, involving the reorientation of the organic spacer and the shift of the Cs+ cation. Besides, notable EC entropy change (~4.1 J K–1 kg–1) and temperature change (~2 K) reveal potentials of 1 for solid-state refrigeration. As far as we know, this discovery of near-room-temperature EC strengths is unprecedented in the hybrid perovskite family, which sheds light on the exploration of new soft antiferroelectrics toward high-efficiency refrigeration devices.
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09601
Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c09601