This is network overview of the modular quantumarchitecture demonstrated in the new study.
圖中是這份新研究中展示的模塊化量子體系的關係圖。
YaleUniversity researchers have demonstrated one of the key steps in building thearchitecture for modular quantum computers: the "teleportation" of aquantum gate between two qubits, on demand.
耶魯大學的研究學者們用實驗證明了構建模塊化量子計算機體系的一個關鍵步驟:要根據需要,在兩個量子位之間「遠距離傳輸」量子門。
The findings appear online Sept. 5 in the journal Nature.
研究結果於9月5日在線發表在「Nature」雜誌上。
The key principle behind this new work is quantumteleportation, a unique feature of quantum mechanics that has previously beenused to transmit unknown quantum states between two parties without physicallysending the state itself. Using a theoretical protocol developed in the 1990s,Yale researchers experimentally demonstrated a quantum operation, or"gate," without relying on any direct interaction. Such gates arenecessary for quantum computation that relies on networks of separate quantumsystems -- an architecture that many researchers say can offset the errors thatare inherent in quantum computing processors.
這項新工作背後的關鍵原則是量子隱形傳態,這是量子力學的一個獨特特徵,以前曾用於在兩方之間傳輸未知量子態而無需以物理方式發送狀態本身。使用20世紀90年代開發的理論協議,耶魯大學的研究人員通過實驗證明了量子操作或「邏輯門」,而不依賴於任何直接的相互作用。這種門對於依賴單獨量子系統網絡——一種許多研究人員認為可以抵消量子計算處理器中固有的錯誤的框架體系——的量子計算來說是必須的。
Through the Yale Quantum Institute, a Yale research teamled by principal investigator Robert Schoelkopf and former graduate studentKevin Chou is investigating a modular approach to quantum computing.Modularity, which is found in everything from the organization of a biologicalcell to the network of engines in the latest SpaceX rocket, has proved to be apowerful strategy for building large, complex systems, the researchers say. Aquantum modular architecture consists of a collection of modules that functionas small quantum processors connected into a larger network.
通過耶魯量子研究所的首席研究員Robert Schoelkopf和前其研究生Kevin Chou領導的耶魯研究小組正在研究量子計算的模塊化方法。研究人員表示,從最新的SpaceX火箭的生物細胞組織到發動機網絡的各個方面都可以找到模塊化方法,這已被證明是構建大型複雜系統的有力策略。量子模塊化體系結構由一組模塊組成,這些模塊用於連接大網絡裡的小量子處理器。
Modules in this architecture have a natural isolationfrom each other, which reduces unwanted interactions through the larger system.Yet this isolation also makes performing operations between modules a distinctchallenge, according to the researchers. Teleported gates are a way toimplement inter-module operations.
此體系結構中的模塊彼此之間具有自然隔離,從而減少了較大系統中的不必要的交互。研究人員表示,這種隔離也使模塊之間的操作成為一項獨特的挑戰。遠程傳送門是實現模塊間操作的一種方式。
"Our work is the first time that this protocol hasbeen demonstrated where the classical communication occurs in real-time,allowing us to implement a 'deterministic' operation that performs the desiredoperation every time," Chou said.
「我們的工作第一次證明了這個協議可以實時進行經典通信,能我們進行'不可抗的'操作,也是每次都執行所需的操作,」Chou說。
Fully useful quantum computers have the potential toreach computation speeds that are orders of magnitude faster than today'ssupercomputers. Yale researchers are at the forefront of efforts to develop thefirst fully useful quantum computers and have done pioneering work in quantumcomputing with superconducting circuits.
完全利用的量子計算機有可能達到比現在的超級計算機快幾個數量級的計算速度。耶魯大學的研究人員處於開發第一批完全利用的量子計算機的前沿,並在超導電路的量子計算方面做了開創性的工作。
Quantum calculations are done via delicate bits of datacalled qubits, which are prone to errors. In experimental quantum systems,"logical" qubits are monitored by "ancillary" qubits inorder to detect and correct errors immediately. "Our experiment is alsothe first demonstration of a two-qubit operation between logical qubits,"Schoelkopf said. "It is a milestone toward quantum information processingusing error-correctable qubits."
量子計算是通過稱為量子位的精細數據位完成的,這些數據容易出錯。在實驗量子系統中,「邏輯」量子位由「輔助」量子位監視,以便立即檢測和糾正錯誤。 「我們的實驗也是邏輯量子比特之間兩量子比特運算的首次演示,」Schoelkopf說, 「這是使用可糾錯的量子比特進行量子信息處理的裡程碑。」
Network 網絡
Overview 概觀
Modular 模塊
Quantum 量子
Architecture結構
Teleportation 遠程傳輸
Qubit 量子位
Quantum mechanics 量子力學
Transmit 傳送
Protocol 協議
Quantum operation 量子操作
Offset 抵消
Inherent 固有的
Isolation 隔離
Magnitude 量級
Superconducting 超導
Prone 容易
Ancillary 輔助的
本期:迷你數獨
每個謎題都由一個在不同位置給與提示數字的4x4或6x6網格組成。遊戲的目的是將空方格填上數字1到4(對於4x4大小的謎題)或者1到6(對於6x6的謎題),使得每一行,每一列以及每一個宮都沒有重複的數字出現。
本期難度:Moderate
(答案見下期)
上期互動答案
上期文章:金剛鸚鵡或通過臉紅和羽毛褶皺進行視覺上的交流
註: 數獨是一種源自 18 世紀末的瑞士數學家歐拉所創造的拉丁方塊遊戲。傳數獨源起於拉丁方陣( Latin Square ), 1970 年代在美國發展,改名為數字拼圖( Number Place )、之後流傳至日本並發揚光大,以數學智力遊戲智力拼圖遊戲發表。在 1984 年一本遊戲雜誌《パズル通信ニコリ》正式把它命名為數獨,意思是「在每一格只有一個數字」。後來一位前任香港高等法院的紐西蘭籍法官高樂德( Wayne Gould )在 1997 年 3 月到日本東京旅遊時,無意中發現了。他首先在英國的《泰晤士報》上發表,不久其他報紙也發表,很快便風靡全英國,之後他用了 6 年時間編寫了電腦程式,並將它放在網站上,使這個遊戲很快在全世界流行