原文譯文
*註:本文摘自7月4日《經濟學人》
Delhi
德裡
India’s obsession with TikTok
印度大愛TikTok
Fifteen seconds of fame
十五秒成名
The apps the government has banned were a window on the heartland
印度政府禁用的這款APP是了解印度的一個窗口
1. In India, as elsewhere, TikTok looks like acornucopiaof bright and busy nonsense: an endless, blooming, buzzing confusion ofshakyvideos and cheap special effects,dispensedfree of charge in 15-second doses. But time spent on the app—or on its Chinese-owned peers, all of them abruptly blocked by the government on June 29th—had a way of leading curious users far from the big cities and celebrities that typically define Indian pop culture. Not just TikTok, but also Helo, Likee and Bigo Live, were virtual highways to places no actual highways serve, in small-town and rural India. They revealed a part of the country that is changing rapidly.
就像在其他地方一樣,在印度,TikTok上面滿是一些生機而又忙碌的無釐頭:那些時長15秒以內,拍攝不穩且特效廉價的視頻,沒完沒了,層出不窮。但是,6月29日,印度政府突然宣布禁用包括TikTok在內的各種視頻app,人們便再沒有機會使用它們了,而這些app讓那些遠離城市和明星的人有了定義印度流行文化的可能。不僅僅是TikTok,其他的app包括Helo, Likee和Bigo Live都使那些沒有高速公路的落後地區人們走上了虛擬高速,這顯示了印度的快速發展。
2. Thousands of people around India appear to have made a living recording and broadcasting short videos, mostly ofshimmying,lip-synchingandpratfalling,for millions of other Indians to whom they would otherwise have remained utterly obscure. TikTok had about 1.2m content creators and 120m monthly viewers. A striking proportion of the creators hailed frommarginalizedgroups.
印度各地數以千計的人靠錄製和播放短視頻賺錢,這些視頻中大部分是跳舞,對口型假唱和肢體搞笑,而數百萬的印度人對這些東西,本來是沒有任何了解的(有了各種小視頻app之後,他們終於有了了解)。TikTok擁有約120萬內容創作者和1.2億月訪問量。創作者中有相當大比例的人來自邊緣群體。
3. Ascrawnycloth-seller from a small city could start an overnight dance sensation;swaggeringyoung Muslim comics found audiences as big as those of mainstream Hindi films;transsexualperformers shared make-up tips with fans andgawkers; rural grannies taught cooking and a girl built afanbasewhile lip-synching to a rap in Hmar, a language spoken in a few small patches of the sparsely populated north-east. A cottage industry ofdisdainful urbaniteshadsprung upon YouTube to mock the TikTok army, in classist and sometimescasteistterms. Yet an aspiringdieticianfrom the state of Haryana could build a following of 11m on the strength of his resemblance to Virat Kohli, captain of India’s cricket team. Eventually Mr Kohli himself became hiscollaborator.
一位骨瘦如柴的小鎮的買衣服小販在一夜之間可能就能掀起一場舞蹈熱潮;招搖的年輕穆斯林漫畫可能擁有和主流印度電影一樣多的觀眾;變性表演者和粉絲們分享化妝技巧;農村老奶奶教大家如何烹飪,而一個用Hmar語對口型假唱的女孩可能會有自己的粉絲群(Hmar是一種在人口稀少的東北一小片地區使用的語言)。一群趾高氣昂的城市人在YouTube上專門用俗套有時甚至是貶低的語言來嘲笑那些使用TikTok的人。然而,一位來自哈裡亞納邦(Haryana)雄心勃勃的營養師憑藉與印度板球隊隊長維拉特•科利(Virat Kohli)長相相似的優勢,就可擁有1100萬粉絲。而且,科利本人也和他合作。
4. Amit Varma, a podcaster from Mumbai who ran an online course about TikTok, puts the app’s success down to timing. It arrived in 2017, just after Reliance Industries, a hugeconglomerate, had launched Jio, a 4g telecoms operation which radically reduced the cost of mobile data. Instead of agigabytea month, smartphone users suddenly had a gigabyte a day to play with. Cheaper Chinese handsets, meanwhile, made owning a smartphone more affordable.
來自孟買的廣播主持人阿米特•瓦爾馬(Amit Varma)開設了一門關於TikTok的在線課程,他認為TikTok的成功應歸功於時機。2017年,印度大型企業集團信實工業(Reliance Industries)推出了4G電信業務Jio,從根本上降低了移動數據的成本。一夜之間,智慧型手機用戶每天就有1G流量,而之前還是每月1G。與此同時,中國手機更加便宜,這讓更多人能夠買得起一部智慧型手機。
5. 「This is not content made bycluelesselites,」 Mr Varma says. 「In Bollywood a few big shots run the whole thing. But they have outdated ideas about what people want.」 What they really want, if TikTok’salgorithmshad it right, isweirder, homelierand more varied material than they could find on television, YouTube, Instagram or any of the Englishfirst apps favoured by wealthy urbanites.
瓦爾馬說,「這些內容並不是由那些愚蠢的精英們產出的。在寶萊塢,有幾家公司專門負責產出視頻內容,但是他們過時了,他們並不知道人們真正想要的是什麼。」如果TikTok的算法正確的話,人們真正需要的不是YouTube,Ins或任何大城市居民青睞的那些「英語第一」的內容,而是那些更搞怪,更具地方特色,也更多樣的內容。
6. Bidding fans farewell on the evening of June 30th, one TikTok star after another urged them toregroupon one or another of those apps, or on one of the close to 100 Indiancopycatsthat have sprung up.
6月30日晚,很多TikTok紅人在和粉絲告別的時候,呼籲他們在其他的視頻app或者是印度那些新近湧現的山寨視頻app上重聚。
精讀解析
篇章結構
P1:TikTok在印度很受歡迎,但是被印度政府禁用。
P2—P3:短視頻在印度很受歡迎,各階層的人都在分享自己的內容。
P4:阿米特•瓦爾馬認為TikTok的成功歸因於時機。
P5:短視頻內容展現的是人們真正需要的東西。
P6:政府禁用TikTok,但是人們對短視頻的熱愛無法阻止。
重點單詞
cornucopia/ˌkɔːnjʊ'kəʊpɪə/ n. 豐饒角(象徵豐饒的羊角,角內呈現滿溢的鮮花、水果等)
【例句】
a cornucopia of employment opportunities.
充足的就業機會
the festival offers a cornucopia of pleasures.
節日帶來了許多歡樂。
shaky/'ʃeɪkɪ/ adj. 搖晃的;不可靠的;不堅定的
【例句】
He proposed government loans for the salvation of several shaky business companies.
他提議用政府貸款來援助一些營業狀況不好的公司。
dispense/dɪ'spens/ vt. 分配, 分發; 施與, 試行;配(藥), 發(藥)
【短語】
dispense with摒棄, 省掉
【例句】
The Red Across dispensed food and clothing to the flood victims.
紅十字會把食物和衣服分發給洪水受難者。
shimmy/'ʃɪmɪ/ n. 西迷舞,搖動v. 搖動,震顫,晃動
shimmying跳希米舞(有點像踢踏舞)
【例句】
In the White House she tried out disco steps, and shimmied to the Bump at dinner-dances.
在白宮,她又學習了迪斯科,伴著西迷舞曲在晚宴上盡情搖擺。
lip-synching對口型;假唱
【例句】
Madonna also addresses her feud with Elton John, who in 2004 accused her of lip-synching.
採訪中,麥當娜還提到了與埃爾頓·約翰之間的恩怨後者曾在2004年指責她假唱。
pratfall['prætfɔ:l] n. 屁股著地的摔倒;不象樣的失態vi. 坐跌
【例句】
When he was allowed on the stage for long enough, tap-dancing and pratfalling all over the place, everyone loved him and the audience went wild.
當他在舞臺上得到機會有足夠長的時間表演踢踏舞和旋地舞后,人人都迷上了他並欣喜若狂。
Concept cars are the prancing ponies -- or sometimes the pratfalling clowns.
車展上的概念車有時像歡蹦亂跳的小馬駒,有時又像譁眾取寵的小丑。
marginalize/'mɑːdʒɪn(ə)laɪz/ vt. 使處於社會邊緣,使脫離社會發展進程;忽視,排斥
【例句】
Opponents say the bill marginalizes the country's Arab minority.
反對者稱該法案將阿拉伯少數民族邊緣化。
scrawny/'skrɔːnɪ/ adj. 骨瘦如柴的
【例句】
And another construction worker is small and scrawny.
另一個建築工人很瘦弱。
swagger/'swægə/ vt. 嚇唬;趾高氣揚地行走或行事n. 大搖大擺;吹牛;威嚇;下擺散開狀的女式短大衣adj. 炫耀的;時髦的
【例句】
Then she swaggered into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.
後來她手裡拿著畫板,裝做精神抖擻的樣子走進瓊西的屋子,嘴裡吹著爵士音樂調子。
transsexual/træns'sekʃʊəl/ n. 換性者adj. 有異性轉化欲的
【例句】
transsexual operation 變性手術
gawker/'gɔ:kə/ n. 摑客網;高客傳媒;高客;客網;伸長脖子呆看的人
【例句】
Users get their own homepages, over which they are in charge& even having the ability to write their own headlines on Gawker posts.
用戶擁有自己的主頁,他們不僅可以掌控頁面內容,甚至能夠在摑客網撰寫自己的頭條文章。
fanbase粉絲群
【例句】
Goodman was a white star who brought a white audience with him and expanded the jazz fanbase.
古德曼身為白人,躋身爵士明星行列,引領的是白人聽眾,並在此基礎上擴充自己的樂迷群體。
disdainful/dɪs'deɪnfʊl/ adj. 輕蔑的, 蔑視的
【例句】
She glared up at him through heavily lidded eyes, an arrogant, disdainful smile playing around her thin mouth.
她厚眼皮下的眼睛瞪著他,薄嘴唇上浮現出一絲高傲的、輕蔑的微笑。
urbanite/'ɜːb(ə)naɪt/ n. 都市人
【例句】
Urbanites like me create roughly twice as much trash as our rural counterparts.
像我這樣的城市居民製造的垃圾是我們的農村同行的大約兩倍。
spring up出現;萌芽;湧現
【例句】
The clover sprang up green and luscious.
芬芳的三葉草冒出了地面。
casteist種姓主義者
dietician/ˌdaiə'tiʃən/ n. 飲食學家
【例句】
He is a dietician at Aston University in England.
他是英國阿斯頓大學的營養學家。
collaborator/kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r)/ n. 合作者;共同研究者;通敵者
【例句】
They struggle to convince investors and collaborators.
他們要竭力說服投資商和合作者。
conglomerate/kən'glɒm(ə)rət/ n. (多種經營的)聯合大企業,企業集團;聚集物;礫巖
【例句】
To make the deal happen, Meredith got 650 million dollars in backing from the conservative Koch brothers conglomerate.
為了能贏下這單生意,梅雷迪斯得到了保守派科赫兄弟集團的6.5億資金支持。
gigabyte/'dʒiɡə,bait/ n. 十億字節;十億位組
【例句】
The total amount of data was 16 gigabytes, Catalog said.
Catalog表示,總數據量為16吉字節。
clueless/ˈklu:lɪs/ adj. 無能的;笨的
【例句】
Labour is similarly clueless about people living in southern towns.
保守黨現在缺乏對北方城市的直接了解,同樣,工黨對南方的一些城鎮也知之甚少。
algorithm/'ælgərɪð(ə)m/ n. 運算法則
【例句】
This is what's known as a quadratic-time algorithm.
這就是計算機學科裡著名的二次時間算法。
homely/'həʊmlɪ/ adj. 平凡的;家庭的;不好看的
【例句】
What you like better, I know that that's your home home.
你更喜歡哪裡,我知道,肯定是故鄉。
weird/wɪəd/ adj. 怪誕的; 神秘而可怕的; 超然的;古怪的; 離奇的
【例句】
Weird shrieks were heard in the darkness.
黑暗中聽見有離奇的尖叫聲。
regroup/riː'gruːp/ vt. & vi. (使)重新組合;(使)重新編組
【例句】
They regroup and assess the damage.
它們重新聚集 檢視冰裂的情況。
copycat/'kɒpɪkæt/ n. 盲目模仿者
【例句】
And if the rules don't change, the quickest copycats might come out on top.
如果規則不改變,最快的模仿者可能佔據上風。
- THE END -
堅持就會有收穫!