效應:Corona Discharge(電暈放電)
圖1 [1]
圖註:
500kV架空線路絕緣子串電暈放電的長曝光照片。
電暈放電是電力設施的一個重要功率損耗。
來源:
https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Corona+Discharge
A corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by the ionization of a fluid such as air surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged. Spontaneous corona discharges occur naturally in high-voltage systems unless care is taken to limit the electric field strength. A corona will occur when the strength (potential gradient) of the electric field around a conductor is high enough to form a conductive region, but not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or arcing to nearby objects. It is often seen as a bluish (or other color) glow in the air adjacent to pointed metal conductors carrying high voltages, and emits light by the same property as a gas discharge lamp.
電暈放電是由帶電導體周圍的空氣等流體電離而產生的放電。除非小心限制電場強度,否則在高壓系統中自然會發生自發電暈放電。當導體周圍的電場強度(電位梯度)高到足以形成導電區域但不足以引起附近物體的電擊穿或電弧時,就會產生電暈。通常看見的電暈放電現象是:在空氣中靠近攜帶高電壓的尖金屬導體的藍色(或其他顏色)輝光,其發光特性與氣體放電燈(gas discharge lamp)相同。
In many high voltage applications corona is an unwanted side effect. Corona discharge from high voltage electric power transmission lines constitutes an economically significant waste of power for utilities. In high voltage equipment like televisions, radio transmitters, X-ray machines and particle accelerators the current leakage caused by coronas can constitute an unwanted load on the circuit. In air, coronas generate gases such as ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxide (NO), and in turn nitric oxide (NO2), and thus nitric acid if water vapor is present. These gases are corrosive and can degrade and embrittle nearby materials, and are also toxic to people. Corona discharges can often be suppressed by improved insulation, corona rings, and making high voltage electrodes in smooth rounded shapes. However, controlled corona discharges are used in a variety of processes such as air filtration, photocopiers and ozone generators.
在許多高壓應用中,電暈是不必要的副作用。高壓輸電線路的電暈放電是公用事業的一種經濟浪費。在電視、無線電發射器、X光機和粒子加速器等高壓設備中,由電暈引起的電流洩漏會對電路構成不必要的負載。在空氣中,電暈會產生臭氧(O3)和氮氧化物(NO)等氣體,進而產生氮氧化物(NO2),如果有水蒸氣,則會產生硝酸。這些氣體具有腐蝕性,可以降解和脆化附近的材料,對人也有毒。電暈放電通常可以通過改進絕緣、電暈環和使高壓電極呈光滑的圓形來抑制。然而,受控電暈放電用於空氣過濾、影印機和臭氧發生器等各種過程。
來源:
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B5%E6%99%95%E6%94%BE%E7%94%B5
電暈放電(corona discharge)是指氣體介質在不均勻電場中的局部自持放電,是最常見的一種氣體放電形式。在曲率半徑很小的尖端電極附近,由於局部電場強度超過氣體的電離場強,使氣體發生電離和激勵 ,因而出現電暈放電。發生電暈時在電極周圍可以看到光亮 ,並伴有噝噝聲。電暈放電可以是相對穩定的放電形式,也可以是不均勻電場間隙擊穿過程中的早期發展階段。
應用:
來源:
https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Corona+Discharge
Drag reduction over a flat surface
平面減阻
To create an electrochemical process that uses tiny spikes of carbon and copper to turn carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into ethanol. (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
創造一種電化學過程,利用微小的碳和銅尖峰將溫室氣體二氧化碳轉化為乙醇。(橡樹嶺國家實驗室)
Removal of unwanted electric charges from the surface of aircraft in flight and thus avoiding the detrimental effect of uncontrolled electrical discharge pulses on the performance of avionic systems
消除飛行中飛機表面不需要的電荷,從而避免不受控制的放電脈衝對航空電子系統性能的不利影響
Manufacture of ozone
製造臭氧
Sanitization of pool water
池水消毒
Scrubbing particles from air in air-conditioning systems (see electrostatic precipitator)
洗滌空調系統內空氣中的微粒(見靜電除塵器)
Removal of unwanted volatile organics, such as chemical pesticides, solvents, or chemical weapons agents, from the atmosphere
從大氣中去除有害的揮發性有機物,如化學殺蟲劑、溶劑或化學武器藥劑
Improvement of wetability or 'surface tension energy' of polymer films to improve compatibility with adhesives or printing inks
改善聚合物薄膜的潤溼性或「表面張力的能量」,以改善與粘合劑或印刷油墨的相容性
Photocopying
影印
Air ionisers
空氣電離器
Production of photons for Kirlian photography to expose photographic film
基爾裡安攝影術中光暈的產生(註:本句不是原文的翻譯,想要理解,請至百科查詢詞條「基爾裡安攝影術」)
EHD thrusters, Lifters, and other ionic wind devices
EHD推進器、升降機和其他離子風裝置
Nitrogen laser
氮雷射器
Surface treatment for tissue culture (polystyrene)
組織培養表面處理(聚苯乙烯)
Ionization of a gaseous sample for subsequent analysis in a mass spectrometer or an ion mobility spectrometer
質譜儀或離子遷移譜儀中用於後續分析的氣體樣品的電離
Solid-state cooling components for computer chips (see solid-state fan)
計算機晶片用固態冷卻元件(見固態風扇)
Stabiliser of Van de Graaff generators
範德格拉夫發電機穩定器
參考文獻:
https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Corona+Discharge
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