詞彙的定義，類別，構成和形式
在這篇文章中，我們將看到英語中各種不同類型的詞彙。我們將通過查看不同的單詞類和單詞形式，並通過查看不同的示例來進一步展示每種類型的用法。
詞彙
詞義
英語中的單詞可以有多種形式，構成了整個語言的詞彙。
詞類
英語共有四個主要和五個次要的單詞類別，總計九個。這些詞類如下：
Verbs – words which describe an action for example walk, make, breathe, cook.Nouns – words which name an item or thing, for example, city, mountain, bicycle, dog.Adjectives – words which describe nouns, for example clever, large, funny, round.Adverbs – words that modify other word classes such as nouns or verbs, for example bravely, quickly, totally, awkwardly.Prepositions – these words are used to express a relation to another word, usually a noun, for example after, before, near, of.Pronouns – words which name a person, for example me, he, they, Martin.Interjections – word without any grammatical meaning or value, for example hey, uh, boo, aw.Determiner – a word which decides the reference a noun has, for example his, their, its, my, many, few.Conjunction – words which connect two clauses, for example because, but, and, for.
詞的構成
英語中的每個單詞都不同的形式，取決於你想如何表達這個單詞，使用那種時態以及其他因素取決於單詞的結構。例如，eat的動詞可以通過以下方式形成：eat, eats, eaten, ate。 各個類中的許多單詞也是如此，讓我們來看另一個示例，形容詞blank，這個詞可能有以下幾種形式：blank, blankly, blankest, blanker。
單詞形式
單詞形式是語言中單詞可能存在的各種方式。一個單詞可能會被視為一種以上的單詞類別，具體取決於其種類和用途。為了進一步理解這個概念，讓我們看一個例子。
「follows」這個詞可以有多種不同的形式，如下所示：
beautiful – adjective – The woman in the painting was extremely beautiful.beautify – verb – I am going to beautify this photo to make it look its best.beautifully – adverb – She performed that song beautifully.
單詞形式通常屬於它們自己的類別。現在，我們現在來看看英語中常見的不同類型的單詞形式。
前綴
前綴是一組字母，位於單詞的主部分或詞根之前，因此賦予新的或修改過的含義。讓我們來看看常見的前綴及其用法示例。
dis – examples of the use of the prefix can be seen in the following words: disappear, disjoint, disembark, disappoint. The meaning of the prefix is the opposite of something, or the reverse meaning of something.ex – examples of the use of the prefix ex can be seen in the following words: exhale, extreme, excite. The meaning of the prefix is out of, former or away from.il – examples of the use of this prefix can be seen in the following words: illegal, illegitimate, illogical. The meaning of the prefix is not.mis – examples of the use of the prefix can be seen in the following words: mistake, misshapen, misunderstood. The meaning of the prefix is wrong or bad.pro – examples of the use of the prefix can be seen in the following words: progress, production, program. The meaning of the prefix is for or before.
後綴
後綴是前綴的反義詞，是一組字母，可以加到一個單詞的末尾，以改變或修改其含義。讓我們來看一些英語中經常使用的後綴。
able – examples of the use of the suffix can be seen in the following words: comfortable, renewable, durable. The meaning of the suffix is having a quality of or being able to.al – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: comical, biannual. clerical. The meaning of the suffix is in relation to something.est – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: smallest, cleverest highest. The suffix refers to a superlative.ing – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: taking, jumping, holding. The suffix denotes an action which is occurring.ness – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: kindness, boldness, harshness. The suffix refers to the condition of something.
縮略形式
縮寫是一個單詞的縮寫形式，是英語語言中常見的語法對象。現在我們來看看一些常見的縮寫和它們的含義：
it’s – meaning it is.they’re – meaning they are.I’m – meaning I am.he’s/she’s – meaning he is/she is.gonna – meaning going to.aren’t – meaning are not.isn’t – meaning is not.could』ve – meaning could havemusn’t – meaning must not.
Wh疑問詞
有以字母wh開頭的疑問詞，放在句子的開頭是疑問詞。讓我們來看看這些單詞的例句以及它們的用法。
Who? – Who is that man in the car?Where? – Where are you going on your holiday?What? – What are you doing with that bag?When? – When do you start work?Why? – Why did you eat my muffin?How? – How are you? (Whilst the placement of the letter wh differs in this word, it still falls into the same category.)
在這篇文章的最後一部分，我們將會看到更多的例子，這些例子可以作為英語口語或寫作時的參考：
Nouns – table, lamp, door, America, China, car, street, alphabet, ocean.Verbs – run, swim, work, love, eat, bite, race, dance.Adjective – dark, cold, white, big, tiny, cute, pink.Adverb – slowly, quickly, coldly, effectively, dangerously, hardly, rapidly.Preposition – about, according to, because, toward, per, in spite of, beneath.Pronoun – her, he, me, you, they, their, his, her.Interjection – alas, ah, oh, uh, hey, uh-oh, crikey.Determiner – a, an, the, my, your, most, all, any, few.Conjunction – but, although, since, yet, until, where, while.
詞圖