母體微生物組影響胎兒的神經發育
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/24 15:14:18
美國加州大學洛杉磯分校Helen E. Vuong課題組取得一項新成果。他們的最新研究表明小鼠母體微生物組可以調節胎兒的神經發育。2020年9月23日,《自然》在線發表了這一成果。
研究人員探究了小鼠母體腸道微生物組的缺失和選擇性重建如何影響胎兒的神經發育。抗生素處理和飲食無菌水母體產生的胚胎中,其大腦表現出與軸突發生相關基因的表達減少、丘腦皮層軸突不足以及響應細胞外源因子的丘腦軸突生長受損。微生物群落耗竭後定植既定菌落的母體可防止胎兒腦基因表達和丘腦皮質軸突發生異常。
代謝組學分析表明,母體微生物組調節母體血清和後代胎兒腦中的許多小分子。選擇微生物群依賴性代謝產物可促進胎兒丘腦外植體的軸突生長。此外,孕婦補充這些代謝物可消除胎兒丘腦皮層軸突缺陷。對孕期母體微生物組和微生物代謝產物處理產生的成年後代在兩種厭惡型體感行為模型中表現出觸覺敏感性改變,但在許多其他感覺運動行為上沒有明顯差異。
總之,該發現表明,母體腸道微生物組可能通過微生物產生的代謝產物向發育中的胎兒大腦神經元發出信號,從而促進胎兒丘腦皮層軸突的發育。
據悉,由於應對懷孕期間感染、飲食改變和壓力等挑戰而導致的孕婦腸道微生物組「代謝失調」,越來越多地與後代腦功能和行為異常相聯繫起來。但是,尚不清楚母體腸道微生物組是否在關鍵的產前時期和沒有環境挑戰的情況下影響胎兒的神經發育。
附:英文原文
Title: The maternal microbiome modulates fetal neurodevelopment in mice
Author: Helen E. Vuong, Geoffrey N. Pronovost, Drake W. Williams, Elena J. L. Coley, Emily L. Siegler, Austin Qiu, Maria Kazantsev, Chantel J. Wilson, Tomiko Rendon, Elaine Y. Hsiao
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-23
Abstract: 『Dysbiosis』 of the maternal gut microbiome, in response to challenges such as infection1, altered diet2 and stress3 during pregnancy, has been increasingly associated with abnormalities in brain function and behaviour of the offspring4. However, it is unclear whether the maternal gut microbiome influences neurodevelopment during critical prenatal periods and in the absence of environmental challenges. Here we investigate how depletion and selective reconstitution of the maternal gut microbiome influences fetal neurodevelopment in mice. Embryos from antibiotic-treated and germ-free dams exhibited reduced brain expression of genes related to axonogenesis, deficient thalamocortical axons and impaired outgrowth of thalamic axons in response to cell-extrinsic factors. Gnotobiotic colonization of microbiome-depleted dams with a limited consortium of bacteria prevented abnormalities in fetal brain gene expression and thalamocortical axonogenesis. Metabolomic profiling revealed that the maternal microbiome regulates numerous small molecules in the maternal serum and the brains of fetal offspring. Select microbiota-dependent metabolites promoted axon outgrowth from fetal thalamic explants. Moreover, maternal supplementation with these metabolites abrogated deficiencies in fetal thalamocortical axons. Manipulation of the maternal microbiome and microbial metabolites during pregnancy yielded adult offspring with altered tactile sensitivity in two aversive somatosensory behavioural tasks, but no overt differences in many other sensorimotor behaviours. Together, our findings show that the maternal gut microbiome promotes fetal thalamocortical axonogenesis, probably through signalling by microbially modulated metabolites to neurons in the developing brain.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2745-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2745-3