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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
深靜脈血栓
Overview（概述）
This condition is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep inside the body. This type of clot most commonly develops in the legs. This condition is dangerous, because the clot can break free and travel through the bloodstream to the lungs.
這種病症是在身體深處的靜脈中形成了血凝塊。這種血凝塊最常見於下肢。這種病症是很危險的，因為血凝塊可能脫落游離，並通過血液流到肺。
Causes and Risk Factors（原因和危險因素）
Deep vein thrombosis can be caused by factors that restrict proper blood circulation. It can also be caused by factors that cause the blood to clot abnormally. The condition often develops during a period of immobilization. A clot can form during a long car ride or airplane flight, or when a patient is recovering in bed following a surgical procedure. Other risk factors include inherited blood clotting disorders, certain medications, and being overweight or obese. Being pregnant elevates a person's risk. Deep vein thrombosis is more common in people who have had heart failure or vein injuries, and in people who have been given a pacemaker or a catheter in a vein. It is more common in people who have cancer or who have had certain cancer treatments. People with a family history of deep vein thrombosis, smokers, and people who are over age 60 are also at an increased risk.
深靜脈血栓形成的原因包括各種因素造成正常血液循環受限制以及引起血液異常凝結。在長時間的限制活動時容易發生這種病症。長時間坐車或乘坐飛機，或當病人在術後臥床恢復時，可能形成血栓。其他危險因素包括遺傳性凝血障礙、某些藥物、超重或肥胖。懷孕會增加患病的風險。在有心力衰竭或靜脈損傷的人以及裝有心臟起搏器或靜脈置管的人更為常見。它在癌症患者或某些癌症治療也很常見。有深靜脈血栓家族史的患者、吸菸者和60歲以上的人風險也會增加。
Symptoms（症狀）
In many cases, a person with this condition does not notice any symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include pain and swelling in the leg, ankle and foot. The leg may cramp. The skin may feel warm, and the skin's color may change.
在許多情況下，有這種病症的人不會覺察到任何症狀。當症狀出現時，可能包括腿部、踝部和足部的疼痛和腫脹。腿可能會抽筋。皮溫可能升高，皮膚的顏色也會發生變化。
Complication: Pulmonary Embolism（併發症：肺栓塞）
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is called pulmonary embolism. This occurs when the clot breaks free, travels through the bloodstream and lodges within one of the pulmonary arteries. These are the arteries that supply blood to the lungs. This can cause a person to have chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and a rapid pulse. The person may cough up blood. A pulmonary embolism is a medical emergency that can be fatal.
深靜脈血栓形成的嚴重併發症稱為肺栓塞。這種情況發生在血凝塊脫落游離時，通過血流並停留在肺動脈的某一分支。這些是供血到肺部的動脈。這會導致病人胸痛、氣短、頭暈和脈搏加快。並可能會咳血。肺栓塞是一種致命的內科急症。
Treatment（治療）
Deep vein thrombosis can be treated with compression stockings and with medications that help thin the blood and break up the clot. For some patients, a filter may be inserted into the vena cava vein in the abdomen to prevent a clot from traveling up through the bloodstream to the lungs.
深靜脈血栓可以用壓力長襪和稀釋血液、分解血凝塊的藥物進行治療。對於有些患者，可能需要將過濾網插入到腹腔中的下腔靜脈中，以防止血凝塊通過血液流向肺部。
（胡佰文 譯）
相關閱讀：
醫學動畫：深靜脈血栓和肺栓塞（DVT and Pulmonary Embolism）
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