中國科學家:啄木鳥如何避免腦震蕩

原文地址：http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2722038/How-woodpecker-avoids-brain-damage-Unique-anti-shock-body-structure-absorbs-99-impact-energy.ht

原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：這貨新鮮 

正文翻譯：

body structure absorbs 99% of impact energy

啄木鳥如何避免腦震蕩：獨特的防震身體結構吸收了99%的能量波 

The woodpecker's brain can withstand repeated collisions when it rapidly pecks at a tree looking for food - and now scientists think they know why. 

當啄木鳥用自己長長的喙找食物時，其腦部可以抵抗強烈的撞擊。 

The bird avoids brain injury, despite the repeated high-speed impacts, because of the unique structure of its skull and beak, which reduces the impact on the brain. 

儘管不斷的用喙撞擊樹木，啄木鳥也不會得腦震蕩，這都要歸因於其獨特的頭蓋骨和鳥嘴結構，從而減少了對腦部的影響。 

Chinese scientists have found that its body stores 99 per cent of energy from impacts as strain energy - the energy stored by an object which changes temporarily because of an applied force. 

中國科學家發現其身體存儲著99%的能量，可稱之為應變能——物體因作用力而儲存起來的能量。 

Experts are interested in how the woodpecker protects its brain and body from shock and vibrations because it could help develop anti-shock devices and structures, which could be used in next-generation, spacecraft, cars and protective clothing. 

專家們之所以對啄木鳥的抗震能力感興趣，是因為這有助人類研發抗震設備和結構，可以應用於新一代的飛船、汽車以及防護衣上。 

Engineers at the State Key Lab of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, which is part of the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Dalian University of Technology in north eastern China, found that the woodpecker's body works as an excellent anti-shock structure by absorbing energy from impacts. 

中國大連理工大學工程力學系工業設備結構分析國家重點實驗室的工程師們發現啄木鳥的身體結構是個完美的抗震結構，通過身體來吸收能量。 

Woodpeckers can peck trees at a high frequency – up to 25Hertz - and at high speeds equivalent to seven metres per second without suffering any brain injury. 

啄木鳥可以以高頻率來啄木頭，最高可達25赫茲，相當於每秒7米的速度，而且腦部不會受到任何的損傷。 

The force of the bird's pecking is equivalent to 1,000 times the force of gravity - the same as a human striking their head against a wall at a speed of 16 miles (25km) an hour with each peck. 

啄木鳥啄木時所使用的力量相當於重力的1000倍，相當於人類以25公裡的時速用頭撞牆。 

In the study, scientists made 3D computer models of a woodpecker and used programmes to understand how its anti-shock body structure distributes the energy from impacts. 

在這項研究中，科學家製作了個啄木鳥的3D電腦模型，並利用程序研究其抗震身體結構如何分配吸收到的能量。 

Dr Wu Chengwei and his team used CT scans of the bird to build their 3D computer model. 

吳承偉博士和他的團隊對啄木鳥進行CT掃描從而建造了3D電腦模型。 

『Based on the CT scanning technology, detailed inner structure images of the head were obtained and then imported to Mimics software to form a scattered-points model,' they explained. 

"通過CT掃描技術，可以窺探到啄木鳥頭部結構的內部細節，再將其輸入模擬軟體從而造出模型，"他們解釋說。 

More programmes were used to finish the geometric model, which was used to test how impact energy was handled by its specially adapted structure. 

還需要其他的程序來完成這個幾何模型，最終通過這個幾何模型來測試這種特別的結構如何對能量進行分配。 

『Most of the impact energy in the pecking is converted into the strain energy stored in the body (99.7 per cent) and there is only a small fraction of it in the head (0.3 per cent),' the researchers said. 

"喙部的大部分能量被轉化成了應變能（99.7%）儲藏在身體中，只有0.3%的能量被分配到頭部，"研究人員說。 

Structures in the head included the beak and the the hyoid bone which further reduce the strain energy of the brain. 

而腦部的結構包括喙和舌骨又近一步減弱了所接收到的應變能。 

The small fraction of impact energy that enters the brain will eventually dissipate in the form of heat, causing a rapid temperature increment in the brain. 

進入腦部的這一小部分能量最終會轉換成熱量，導致腦部溫度突然升高。 

This is why the woodpecker has to peck intermittently and take short breaks. 

所以啄木鳥的啄木行為是間歇性的，需要短暫的休息，不可能一直啄下去。 

The findings of the study, published in the journal Science China Technological Science, could be used to design anti-shock devices and structures, which could be used in next-generation, spacecraft, cars and protective clothing. 

這份發表於中國科學雜誌上的發現可被用來進行抗震設備和結構的設計，可用於新一代的飛船、汽車和防護衣設計中。 

『High-speed impacts and collisions can destroy structures and materials,' Dr Wu said. 

"高速的衝擊和撞擊可以摧毀結構和材料，"吳博士說。 

『In the aerospace industry, spacecraft face the constant danger of collisions with space debris and micrometeoroids.' 

"在航天和航空領域，飛船總是面臨著不斷與太空垃圾和微流星體撞擊的危險。" 

『If a spacecraft's structure or scientific instruments were destroyed by impact, the economic loss would be huge.' 

"如果飛船結構或者科學設備因為撞擊而受到毀滅，那麼經濟損失將是巨大的。" 

'In cities worldwide, car accidents are a persistent threat to human safety and head injuries are common so there is a real need for new anti-shock materials.' 

"而在全世界的城市中，交通事故也在威脅著人們的安全，而腦部損傷很常見，所以有必要研發新一代的抗震材料。"

評論翻譯:

 Makes more sense then air bags 

這比安全氣囊有意義多了。 

I read about this decades ago in Answers in Genesis. 

幾十年前我就在《創世紀的答案》網站看過這方面的研究了。 

I never thought I'd ever see an FEA model of a woodpecker 

我從來沒想過自己可以見到啄木鳥的有限元素分析模型。 

What about the bird's tongue? It wraps around the brain for a reason. 

那這種鳥的舌頭呢？其卷繞在腦部周圍是有原因的。 

where does jesus say he made this brid? 

耶穌在哪裡說過他創造了這種鳥？ 

And why does it matter? 

耶穌在哪裡說過，那重要嗎？ 

Fascinating. 

厲害。 

Bet a few them knocked themselves out before that evolved. 

我覺得啄木鳥在進化成這種能力前，肯定死過很多。 

This has been known, and published, for years. 

這個研究結果很早以前就已經出來了。 

Yes I saw this information on a nature programme a couple of decades ago. I also remember it being stated how scientists could use this information for human use. 

是的，幾十年前我就在一個自然頻道上看過這方面的內容了。我還記得節目中說科學家可以利用這個研究成果來為人類服務什麼的。 

It would be interesting if they could use some of this knowledge to improve the design of helmets and other head gear to reduce concussions. 

如果利用這種知識來提高安全帽和其他頭部設備的設計，那倒是挺不錯的。 

I love the concept of mimicking nature for structural ideas. This reminds me of the sea horse armor article. 

我喜歡人們模仿大自然來進行結構設計，這讓我想起了模仿海馬而設計出來的裝甲。 

Isn't evolution amazing!!! And to think the first million woodpecker like birds died immediately when they went to eat, so it is a great evolutionary mystery how they managed to reproduce prior to dying... I'm sure a few million dollars in grant money could solve the mystery 

進化真是太神奇了！！！那些還沒進化的啄木鳥祖先應該會死掉才對，所以這些啄木鳥祖先如何在進化之前避免滅絕的，這實在是個進化之謎。我相信，再投入幾百萬美元就可以解決這個謎。大事。