為「北鬥」護航——記中國聯通涼山州分公司通信保障團隊（中英文）

An escort for BDS

—— A report on the team of China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch

文 一帶一路報導記者 彭納

（圖 東方IC)

8月10日，在四川省涼山州西昌市中國聯通涼山州分公司（以下簡稱「涼山聯通」）的會議室裡，三位著裝整齊的業務負責人見到記者一行立即站起身來，略帶緊張地伸出手與我們握了握，與窗外盛夏的炙熱形成鮮明對比，會議室內氣氛頗為嚴肅。

On August 10, in a conference room of China Unicom Liangshazhou Branch, Xichang City, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, three well-dressed department heads stood up immediately they saw the reporter and her party, and then held hands with us a little nervously. In contrast with the scorching summer sun outside the window, the atmosphere in the conference room was quite serious.

談起此次的會面，還要從近兩個月前的一條新聞說起。「9時43分，我國在西昌衛星發射中心用長徵三號乙運載火箭，成功發射北鬥系統第五十五顆導航衛星，暨北鬥三號最後一顆全球組網衛星，至此北鬥三號全球衛星導航系統星座部署全面完成，比原計劃提前半年。」6月23日，北鬥衛星成功發射的消息快速「佔領」各大門戶網站的頭條，與此同時，此話題在微博熱搜榜高居前列，成為大眾熱議的實時新聞。

This meeting arose from a news report released nearly two months ago. 「At 9:43 a.m., China successfully launched the 55th navigational satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also the last global network satellite of BDS-3 by a Long March 3B carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Thus, the deployment of BDS-3 Global Satellite Navigation System was completed six months ahead of schedule.」 On June 23, the news on the successful launch of a new Beidou satellite quickly 「conquered」 the headlines of major portals. Meanwhile, the topic ranked top among the most searched hashtags of Sina Weibo and became the most discussed real-time news.

而坐在記者右手邊的三位負責人，正是此次衛星發射中提供通信保障的團隊負責人，與民眾的興奮截然不同，幾位負責人說起此次的發射任務，言語中更多透露出的是一份保障任務順利完成後的堅定與平靜。

The three heads sitting on the right side of the reporter were exactly the heads of the team that provided communication support for the satellite launch. Different from the excitement of the public, the three heads were determined and calm when they talked about the launch mission.

衛星發射背後的綠色通道

涼山聯通已累計為西昌衛星發射中心提供60餘次重點網絡通信保障

與大家對衛星發射「高科技」「高難度」「技術性」的印象不同，對於涼山聯通網絡部客響中心主任王平這位「80後」負責人來說，每一次發射任務的重難點可以用兩個字概括——協調，在採訪的一個多小時裡，王平三次說到了這兩個字。

People typically had an impression of 「high-tech」, 「challenging」 and 「technical」 about satellite launch. Wang Ping, Director of the Customer Response Center of Network Department of China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch and a man born in the 1980s, however, described the key point and difficult point of each launch mission with just one word-- 「coordination」. In the interview of more than an hour, Wang Ping mentioned the word three times.

「衛星發射有其特殊性，因此每一次我們接到任務都是在衛星發射的前一天。然而通信的保障卻不是我們涼山聯通一個地市分公司的事情，這需要聯通集團各地分公司協同完成。」說起協調工作的難度時，王平拿最近的一次發射給記者舉了個例，北鬥衛星的運行軌道要通過西昌、宜賓、成都、西安、貴陽、北京、海南等地，因此，這幾座城市的通信數據檢測也要跟上，在短短一天的時間裡，不僅需要與這幾家地市分公司溝通聯絡，還需要他們停下手中的其他任務，全力以赴共同完成發射工作，「為了衛星發射這一項任務，我們集團專門開闢了一條綠色通道。」

「Due to the particularity of satellite launch, each time we receive a task just the day before the launch. However, communication support is not a matter of our Liangshanzhou Branch alone, but a joint action of all branches of China Unicom.」 Speaking of the difficulty of coordination work, Wang Ping gave an example of the latest launch. The orbit of the Beidou satellite passed Xichang, Yibin, Chengdu, Xi』an, Guiyang, Beijing, Hainan and other places, so communication data detection must be simultaneously carried out in these cities. In just one day, they need not only contact these branches, but also stop other work to go all out to complete the launch work. 「Our group has specially opened a green channel for satellite launch.」

當涼山聯通接到西昌衛星發射中心發來的任務通知書後，三級響應立即生效，通知書以最快速度發往中國聯通集團公司，待審核後，快速下達給全國各地相應的地市分公司。通知書走到這一層還不算結束，各分公司接到任務後，還需要通知到每一個縣甚至是鄉上的監測點，任務下達才算完畢，這所有的工作需要在短短幾個小時內全部完成；而後，24小時監測開啟，全力保障通信信號的正常。

After China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch receives a task notice from the satellite base, a third-level response mechanism is immediately activated. The notice is sent to China Unicom Group as soon as possible. After the approval of the headquarters, the notice is then quickly issued to the corresponding branches all over the country. This is not the end. After each branch receives the notice, they need to notify the monitoring points in each county or even each town. All the work must be completed in a few hours; then, 24-hour monitoring is enabled to ensure the normal state of communication signals.

另一個方面，在衛星發射期間，其飛行測控任務十分艱巨，數據一刻不能中斷。這就對通信信號的保障能力提出了極高的要求。在隨後的問答中，記者逐漸從他們的言談間探究到了其自信的來源。

On the other hand, during the launch of the satellite, its flight measurement and control task is very demanding, and the data cannot be interrupted for a moment. This requires extremely strong communication signal support capability. In the following question-and-answer session, the reporter gradually found out the source of their confidence.

永不間斷的信號

王平（左一）與同事正在檢測通信信號

2017年，涼山聯通第一次接到了與西昌衛星發射中心合作保障衛星發射通信的工作，但那時，衛星中心只將聯通的通信線路作為備用方案，「儘管如此，這也算是中國首次將衛星發射的通信保障交由企業完成。」初嘗之後，西昌衛星發射中心很快將聯通的通信線路作為了正式通信保障支持，追問之下，王平道出了其中緣由。這樣的一次抉擇牽扯到的是通信行業及涼山聯通的發展歷程。

In 2017, China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch received a task of supporting communication for satellite launch in cooperation with the satellite center for the first time. And the satellite base only used China Unicom’s communication link as an alternative scheme. 「Nevertheless, it was the first time that China had handed over the communication support task for a satellite launch to an enterprise.」 After the initial attempt, the satellite base quickly adopted China Unicom’s communication line as its primary communication support. Wang Ping told us why. Such a decision influenced the development of the entire communication industry, particularly China Unicom.

時間回溯到1999年，那一年，涼山聯通在經過兩年的籌備後正式運營，「那時，西昌到成都只有一條沿成昆鐵路線的光纜，但卻是整個西昌以及攀枝花與外界聯絡的全部承載。」一旦線路故障，西昌及攀枝花將無法與外界取得聯繫。隨後，從昭覺縣、美姑縣取道樂山最後抵達成都的第二條光纜鋪設成功。沿雅西高速的第三條線也啟用多年，還有一條應急備用線的保障，確保了通信信號的永不間斷。

Back in 1999, China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch was officially put into operation after two years of preparation. 「At that time, from Xichang to Chengdu, there was only one cable line, along Chengdu-Kunming Railway, and it was the only carrier of handshaking between Xichang and Panzhihua and the outside world.」 Once the line failed, Xichang and Panzhihua would be unable to get in touch with the outside world. Subsequently, the second optical cable line was laid successfully, which passes Zhaojue County and Meigu County via Leshan and finally reaches Chengdu. By now, the third line, along Ya』an-Xichang Expressway, has also been operated for many years. Besides, there is an emergency line. All the lines ensure never interrupted communication signals.

隨著通信技術的發展，曾經的環線網絡已經升級為智能網絡，「智能網絡最大的優勢在於，一條通信信號出了故障，在幾毫秒內信號就將自動轉移到另外一條通暢的線路上，確保信號的持續。」

With the development of the overall communication technology, the former loop network has been upgraded to an intelligent network. 「The biggest advantage of the intelligent network is that when one communication line fails, the signal is automatically shifted to another smooth line within a few milliseconds to ensure the continuity of the signal.」

基礎性通信的保障使得涼山聯通有了對自身技術提質升級的基石，當面對衛星發射提出的更高技術層面的要求時，公司的應對顯得遊刃有餘。

The security of basic communication laid a cornerstone for China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch to upgrade its own technology Zhou Branch. Therefore, in face of the higher technical requirements of satellite launch, the company accomplished tasks with ease.

「衛星發射對於通信的要求比平時高出很多。」用最通俗易懂的手機信號作比，王平介紹道，造成手機信號停頓的原因有二，要麼是流量過大；要麼是線路老化，這種手機信號的停頓有時在用戶毫無察覺的情況下已經修復完畢，但在衛星發射的過程中，哪怕最小的一個數據都對整個發射工作起著至關重要的作用，因此，在衛星發射的過程中，保障信號的暢通是王平團隊工作的重中之重。為此，涼山聯通於2017年5月開通西昌-海南文昌跨域電路；2017年12月開通西昌-北京跨域電路；2020年2月開通西昌-西安、西昌-貴陽、西昌-宜賓跨域電路，為西昌衛星發射中心提供專線服務，「跨域線路採用光信號，首先在安全性上區別與普通線路；另外，這種信號是從西昌直達各信號點，沒有數據中轉站這一步，速度提高了很多。」而在信號的傳輸中，不可避免會出現誤碼情況，我國通信行業的誤碼率要求達到10-7,但衛星發射的誤碼率要求達到10-8，「這樣嚴苛的要求，我們也能達到。」

「Satellite launches require much higher-standard communication than usual.」 Wang Ping took the most common cell phone signal for example. As he introduced, there are two reasons for phone signal interrupts: too heavy traffic and line aging. Such signal interrupt can be recovered sometimes before the users are aware of it. However, during a satellite launch, even a tiny datum is crucial to the entire launch, so guaranteeing unimpeded signals is the top priority of Wang Ping’s team. To that end, China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch opened Xichang-Wenchang (Hainan) cross-regional line in May 2017, Xichang-Beijing line in December 2017, and Xichang-Xi』an, Xichang-Guiyang and Xichang-Yibin lines in February 2020 to provide dedicated service for Xichang Satellite Launch Center. 「Cross-regional lines use photosignal. First of all, it is different from the ordinary lines in terms of safety; second, the photosignal is directly sent from Xichang to all signal points without data transfer stations, so the speed has been increased a lot.」 In the transmission of signals, bit error is inevitable. China’s communication industry requires a bit error rate of 10-7. And the bit error rate required by satellite launch is 10-8. 「Even if that is demanding, we can do it.」

有了這樣的技術作保障，西昌衛星發射中心與涼山聯通的合作也越來越緊密，2017年5月至今，公司已累計為西昌衛星發射中心提供60餘次重點網絡通信保障，安全平穩、保質保量地完成了重要通信保障任務。

With such technical guarantee, the cooperation between the satellite center and China Unicom Liangshanzhou Branch grows closer and closer. Since May 2017, the company has provided key network communication support for Xichang Satellite Launch Center more than 60 times in a safe, stable and quality manner.

從太空到5G

川北醫學院對口扶貧5G項目啟用

說起自己的專業和團隊，王平原本緊張的情緒逐漸被自豪代替。他帶領的網絡部總共28人，清一色的「80」「90」後，而整個參與網絡維護的140多人中，這兩個年齡段也是主力軍，「這些年輕人大多像我一樣，一畢業就來到了這裡，走到了第一線，涼山州17個縣（市），都有他們的身影。」身材魁梧的王平一開口就能聽出不是四川本地人，「現在已經算四川人了。」2002年畢業，陝西漢子王平便來到了涼山，在這裡娶妻生子，18年時光，除了一絲鄉音，皮膚黝黑的他更像一個涼山漢子。

正是這樣一支年輕的團隊成為祖國航天事業背後的中堅力量，除此之外，歷年的涼山彝族「火把節」、西昌邛海「開海節」、國際馬拉松賽事以及2017年春節聯歡晚會涼山分會場等活動上，這支年輕的通信隊伍從未缺席。

而在這些成績中，2016年，團隊榮獲的水利水電科學技術一等獎最讓這群年輕人記憶猶新。

位於雲南省祿勸縣和四川省涼山州會東縣交界的烏東德水電站是金沙江下遊四個梯級電站（烏東德、白鶴灘、溪洛渡、向家壩）的第一梯級，也為中國第四、世界第七大水電站。在水電站建設的同時，涼山聯通的項目部也行動了起來，在他們的設計與運營下，水電站的網絡全覆蓋得以完成，通過這套系統，在壩上工作的人員、車輛、設備都能進行定位、跟蹤監測，「這個系統讓水電站的建設像有了大腦，智能化起來。」出色的設計在2017年年度水利水電科學技術獎評選中拔得頭籌。

在5G這個新領域的探索中，這支通信隊伍也走在前列。眾所周知，作為全國「三區三州」脫貧攻堅主戰場的涼山州，17個縣（市）中有11個為國家級貧困縣,而川北醫學院的一個對口扶貧項目將幫助涼山州美姑縣醫院實現5G技術的運用。「其實5G的應用大大降低了網絡的延時性，這也是5G技術的優勢所在。」從王平的口中了解到，5G的劃時代意義不在於速度而在於時間，「速度上，4G已經完全能夠滿足大眾的需求，但5G卻滿足了同步性。」因為技術的升級，5G的信息處理能力在2～3毫秒，4G則需要30～40毫秒，處理能力的升級，最直觀的結果就是畫面的同步性，「這對於醫療行業來說優勢相當明顯，以後，川北醫學院的醫生可以在當地為美姑縣的病患做手術，醫生通過5G看到的畫面與實際操作幾乎沒有時差。」

從航天到醫療，從通話到直播，從太空到日常，中國聯通涼山州分公司的這支隊伍走在通信保障的路上，永不止步！

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國內統一連續出版物號：CN 51-1788/F

國際標準連續出版物號：ISSN 2096-2886

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文章來源：《一帶一路報導》2020年第6期

圖片來源：受訪者提供

編輯：雷怡安

審核：李卉嬪

主編：鄧灼