封閉型有絲分裂仍需要核被膜的局部拆解
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/8/27 15:04:36
英國MRC分子細胞生物學實驗室Buzz Baum、Gautam Dey等研究人員合作發現,封閉型有絲分裂仍需要核被膜的局部拆解。這一研究成果於2020年8月26日在線發表在《自然》上。
研究人員表示,真核生物細胞分裂過程中的關鍵事件是將核基因組劃分為兩個核區室。在有絲分裂結束時,真核細胞必須將其複製的基因組的兩個副本分隔到兩個新的核區室中。它們可以通過先拆解核被膜然後再組裝,即「開放型有絲分裂」,或者重新包裹完整的核,然後再一分為二,即「封閉型有絲分裂」 。
儘管存在一系列中間狀態,這些不同的核分裂模式具有關鍵特徵,但封閉型有絲分裂仍面臨獨特的拓撲難題。各種真核生物中的有絲分裂研究已有一個多世紀,目前尚不清楚封閉型有絲分裂的生物如何在不損害核完整性的情況下實現雙核被膜的分裂。
通過使用裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe,封閉型有絲分裂的經典模型)、遺傳學、活細胞成像和電子斷層掃描,研究人員發現,核分裂是通過連接分離子核的窄橋內核孔局部拆卸而實現的。
研究人員確定了蛋白質Les1,它位於內部核膜,並限制了局部核膜對橋中間區的破壞,從而防止了子核的洩漏。因此,在封閉型有絲分裂中,局部核被膜的拆解機制與開放型有絲分裂中的核包膜的拆卸緊密相關,這揭示了各種真核生物中核重塑機制的高保守性。
附:英文原文
Title: Closed mitosis requires local disassembly of the nuclear envelope
Author: Gautam Dey, Sin Culley, Scott Curran, Uwe Schmidt, Ricardo Henriques, Wanda Kukulski, Buzz Baum
Issue&Volume: 2020-08-26
Abstract: At the end of mitosis, eukaryotic cells must segregate the two copies of their replicated genome into two new nuclear compartments1. They do this either by first dismantling and later reassembling the nuclear envelope in an 『open mitosis』 or by reshaping an intact nucleus and then dividing it into two in a 『closed mitosis』2,3. Mitosis has been studied in a wide variety of eukaryotes for more than a century4, but how the double membrane of the nuclear envelope is split into two at the end of a closed mitosis without compromising the impermeability of the nuclear compartment remains unknown5. Here, using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (a classical model for closed mitosis5), genetics, live-cell imaging and electron tomography, we show that nuclear fission is achieved via local disassembly of nuclear pores within the narrow bridge that links segregating daughter nuclei. In doing so, we identify the protein Les1, which is localized to the inner nuclear envelope and restricts the process of local nuclear envelope breakdown to the bridge midzone to prevent the leakage of material from daughter nuclei. The mechanism of local nuclear envelope breakdown in a closed mitosis therefore closely mirrors nuclear envelope breakdown in open mitosis3, revealing an unexpectedly high conservation of nuclear remodelling mechanisms across diverse eukaryotes.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2648-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2648-3