By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
根據一項新的研究，由於氣候變暖，到本世紀末，如果不是更早的話，世界上的海洋將會更藍更綠。
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.
這一現象的核心核心是稱為浮遊植物的海洋微生物。
Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.
由於光線從生物體反射的方式，這些浮遊植物在海洋表面創造了多彩的圖案。
Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.
海洋的顏色從綠色到藍色不等，取決於浮遊植物的種類和濃度。
Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
氣候變化將促進某些地區浮遊植物的生長，同時減少其他地區的浮遊植物，導致海洋外觀的變化。
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.
浮遊植物生活在海洋表面,在那裡他們把二氧化碳(二氧化碳)到海裡,同時放出氧氣。
When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.
當這些生物死亡時，它們會將碳埋在深海中，這是一個有助於調節全球氣候的重要過程。
But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.
但浮遊植物易受海洋變暖趨勢的影響。
Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
氣候變暖改變了海洋的主要特徵，也會影響浮遊植物的生長，因為它們不僅需要陽光和二氧化碳來生長，還需要營養物質。
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.
麻省理工學院全球變化科學中心的科學家Stephanie Dutkiewicz建立了一個氣候模型，呈現了整個世紀海洋的變化。
In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
在一個升溫3攝氏度的世界裡，它發現海洋的顏色會發生多種變化。
The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.
該模型預測，目前擁有少量浮遊植物的藍色區域可能會變得更藍。
But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.
但是在一些水域，比如北極水域，氣候變暖會使浮遊植物生長條件更加成熟，而這些水域也會變得更加綠色。
「Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing.
「海洋中浮遊植物的數量不僅在變化。
」she said，「but the type of phytoplankton is changing.
她說，「但是浮遊植物的種類正在改變。」
42.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
前兩段主要講了什麼?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
海洋表面的各種圖案。
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
海洋顏色變化的原因。
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
光線反射海洋生物的方式。
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
促進浮遊植物生長的努力。
43.What does the underlined word「vulnerable」in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
第3段劃線的「脆弱」一詞可能是什麼意思?
A. Sensitive.
敏感
B. Beneficial
有好處
C. Significant
重要的
D. Unnoticeable
未被注意
44.What can we learn from the passage?
我們能從這篇文章中學到什麼?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
浮遊植物在海洋生態系統中的作用正在下降。
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
Dutkiewicz的模型旨在預測浮遊植物的變化
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
浮遊植物已經被用來控制全球氣候
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
有更多浮遊植物的海洋看起來更綠。
45.What is the main purpose of the passage？
這篇文章的主要目的是什麼?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
評估海洋顏色變化的後果
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
分析海洋食物鏈的組成
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
解釋氣候變化對海洋的影響
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
介紹一種研究浮遊植物的新方法