For a fire to occur, four components must be present: fuel, oxidizing agent,
heat, and an uninhibited chemical chainreaction. This is referred to as the fire
tetrahedron.
(發生火災需具備4個元素,分別是可燃物、氧化劑、熱源及化學連鎖反應,上述通稱為燃燒四面體。)
During a fire, materials may change their physical state as a result of being
heated. These phase changes include melting and vaporization.
(在火場裡物質可能會因為高熱而改變物理型態,像是熔解或是蒸發。)
If a fire has a limited amount of air for combustion, an increase in an amount
of visible products of combustion, such as soot, smoke, and carbon monoxide,will occur.
(如果火災發生時沒有足夠的空氣供給燃燒,煤灰、煙、一氧化碳這類可見的燃燒產物就會增加。)
The color of smoke should not be relied on as an indicator of the material
burning.
(火場中火煙的顏色不能作為判斷燃燒物質種類的依據。)
Fluid flows, heat transfer, ignition and flame spread, fuel package, heat flux,
and the distinction between fuel-controlled fires and ventilation-controlled firesare all components of fire dynamics.
(熱對流、熱傳導、燃燒、火焰擴散、可燃物、熱通量、燃料控制燃燒與通風控制燃燒都是屬於火災動力學的範疇。)
The power of a fire is determined by calculating its HRR, the energy being
released by the individual fuels being consumed. It is measured in either wattsor kilowatts.
(火災強度系經由計算熱釋放率,即火場內的可燃物燒盡時所釋放出來的能量得知,計算單位為瓦或千瓦。)
An ignition source can be defined as either smoldering or flaming. A source ofignition may also be characterized as either piloted or autoignition.(燃燒可區分為無焰燃燒或有焰燃燒,起火源可能為外力引燃或自燃。)
Rates of flame spread are not only dependant o the individual fuel properties,
but also the position and orientation of the fuel surfaces.
(火勢擴大延燒的速率與可燃物多寡、可燃物的位置、堆棧方向等因素有關。)
Investigators should be cautious of statements made by witnesses as they
relate to the rate of fire growth because often witnesses describe the rate of
fire growth from the time they discover the fire, which may be difficult to
compare to the time of ignition.
(火災調查人員對於目擊者所提供的證詞要謹慎分析,尤其是有關火勢延燒的速度方面的證詞,因為通常目擊者的證詞與火災實際發生時間多有出入。)
本文節錄於NFPA Principle and Practice to NFPA 921and 1033
您需要了解的內容:
消防科普:物質燃燒的條件
您需要了解的消防英文:
消防英文:常見與危險物品相關之縮寫詞彙
消防英文:蒸氣壓、沸點及蒸氣密度
消防英文:火災調查:撰寫報告
消防英文:滅火器
消防英文:火災之後
消防英文:營銷你的火災安全計劃
消防英文:教育是青少年縱火防制計劃之防制策略
消防英文:介紹、交往、開場白、敘事、詢問及結論--青少年縱火之審查方法
消防英文:辨識青少年放火行為
消防英文:支持火災預防/小區風險降低
消防英語:《消防燃燒學》常用英文詞彙表(A~D)
消防英語:《消防燃燒學》常用英文詞彙表(E~I)
消防英語:《消防燃燒學》常用英文詞彙表(J~R)
消防英語:《消防燃燒學》常用英文詞彙表(S~U)
消防英語:《消防燃燒學》常用英文詞彙表(V~Z)
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年初二之安全消防(居家安全2)雙語
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年初四之安全消防(居家安全4)雙語
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年初六之安全消防(居家安全6)雙語
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消防英文:預防的等級(Levels of Prevention)
消防英文:5E預防-新方法
消防英文:無線互連式煙霧警報器
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