* 《英知匯》包含散碎的、往往也有相當縱深的、學校和培訓機構常見教學內容之外的英語知識點薈萃,篇幅一般不長,幾分鐘內可以閱讀完。
* 本系列的文章都以英文為主,因為用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式,這一系列的文章希望在學習英語知識的同時,幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升,並樹立英語思維;
* 推薦的閱讀的方法是:先原文,適當看解析閱讀,還有疑惑再看雙語對照。
* 英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註,如果需要了解Dictcom音標,請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。腦海中存在單詞的讀音,有助於詞彙的記憶,因此我們儘量給出單詞的音標。* 本篇文章難度係數6.4,由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智慧難度分析系統提供評分。
#英語知識#
Why is W called "double U" when it is clearly "double V"?【譯】為什麼W被念作「double U」(兩個U),而它顯然應該是兩個「V」組成的?【單詞】double ['duhb-uhl]['dbl] adj. 雙重的;成雙的;兩倍的
When Old English was written, it used a mixture of Latin letters and older runes.【譯】古英語書寫時,它混合使用了拉丁字母和古老的北歐文字。【單詞】mixture ['miks-cher]['mkst] n. 混合;混合物【單詞】runes 原型:rune [roon][run] n. 古日耳曼字母;古代北歐文字(譯作如尼文字);神秘的記號;神秘的或有魔力的符號;具有神秘意義的詩歌或咒語【專有名詞】Latin ['lat-n]['ltn] adj. 拉丁語的;拉丁人的
One of these runes was Wynn, which was used to represent the wound that w gives today.【譯】其中一個北歐字母是Wynn,用來代表wound(傷害),也就是今天w這個字母所隱含的意思。【單詞】represent [rep-ri-'zent][repr'zent] vt. 表現;表示;描繪;代表;象徵;說明;闡明【單詞】wound [woond; wound][wund] n. 創傷;傷害;傷口
That runes was sometimes replaced by the combination uu - a double u - for the same sound.【譯】這個北歐字母有時會被uu這兩個字母的組合所取代——一個雙u——代表相同的聲音。【單詞】replaced 原型:replace [ri-'pleys][r'ples] vt. 取代;替換;放回原處;償還【單詞】combination [kom-buh-'ney-shuhn][kmb'nen] n. 結合;結合到一起的事物或人;密碼
In german, the letter v changed in sound to be pronounced as f in most cases (it still is).【譯】在德語中,字母v在發音上發生了變化,在大多數情況下發音為f(現在仍然是)。【單詞】german ['jur-muhn]['dmn] n. 德語【單詞】pronounced 原型:pronounce [pruh-'nouns][pr'nans] vt. 發音
In a few cases the v-sound was retained.【譯】少數情況下v的發音得到了保留。【短語】a few 少量,一點點;few與a few 的區別是,a few:一點點,用於修飾可數名詞,肯定用法,表示還是有一些的。例如:There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有幾個蘋果。 few:用於可數名詞,否定用法,表示幾乎沒有。例如:There are few apples on the table. 桌子上幾乎沒蘋果…【單詞】retained 原型:retain [ri-'teyn][r'ten] vt. 保持;保留
To distinguish these cases, scribes began to write vv for these.【譯】為了區分這些情況,寫作者們在這些時候開始寫成vv(兩個v)。【單詞】distinguish [dih-'sting-gwish][d'stɡw] vt. 區別;辨認;使顯著【單詞】scribes 原型:scribe [skrahyb][skrab] n. 抄寫員;書記員;作家;新聞記者
【單詞】began 原型:begin [bih-'gin][b'ɡn] v. 開始;著手
When printing was developed in what is today Germany (and to some extent Italy, but that is less relevant here), the printing press manufacturers made types for the letters that they had.【譯】當印刷術在今天的德國發展起來的時候(在某種程度上,義大利也有,但在這裡不太相關),印刷機製造商為他們所需要的字母製作字體。【單詞】printing 原型:print [print][prnt] v. 印刷;出版;列印;銘刻【單詞】developed 原型:develop [dih-'vel-uhp][d'velp] v. 發展;發育;開發【單詞】relevant ['rel-uh-vuhnt]['relvnt] adj. 相關的;切題的;有重大關係的【單詞】manufacturers 原型:manufacturer [man-yuh-'fak-cher-er][mnju'fktr] n. 製造商【專有名詞】Germany 地名 ['jur-muh-nee]['dmni] n. 德國,德語【專有名詞】Italy ['it-l-ee]['tli] n. 義大利
Since the combination vv was very common, they made a letter for it - w.【譯】由於組合vv是非常常見的,他們為它做了一個字母——w。
In most languages letter is called "double-v".【譯】在大多數語言中,字母被稱為「double-v」(雙v)。
These printing presses and the letters for them were exported everywhere, including to England.【譯】這些印刷機(打字機、印表機)及其信件出口到世界各地,包括英國。【單詞】exported 原型:export [ik-'spawr]['ekspt] v. 輸出;出口;帶走,運走【單詞】everywhere ['ev-ree-hwair, -wair]['evriwe] adv. 到處,處處;無論何處【專有名詞】England 地名 ['ing-gluhnd]['ɡlnd] n. 英格蘭;英國
The English quickly realized that they didn't have types for all their letters, so they made do with what they had.【譯】英國人很快意識到,他們的語言(英語)中並不是每一個字母都有字模,所以他們只好用已有的字母來拼出那些字母。【單詞】realized 原型:realize ['ree-uh-lahyz]['rilaz] vt. 實現;了解;意識到
Since English didn't have the w before printing, they simply reused that letter for the Wynn rune, which was missing.【譯】因為英國人在印刷之前沒有w這個字母,所以他們只是把那個字母重用作代表Wynn的符文,因為那時候英語字母中沒有代表Wynn的。【單詞】reused [ree-'yoozd]['ri'juzd] adj. 再生的;再使用的
It is called "double-u" because it was also sometimes written as "uu".【譯】它被稱為「雙u」,因為它有時也被寫成「uu」。
Similar story for the letter Thorn, which was also missing when printing and became the "th" combination.【譯】類似的情況也發生在Thorn這個符文上,這也是在英語中沒有現成字母的,因此在印刷時形成了「th」這個組合。
That's a great response!【譯】這個回答很棒!
【單詞】response [ri-'spons][r'spns] n. 反應;回答;響應;答覆
Just wanted to add that in German, 'w' is called the German analogous of the English 'v', and the letter 'v' is called 'fau'(pronounced like fuh oo).【譯】我只是再補充一下,在德語中,「w」類似於英語中的「v」,而字母「v」則被稱為「fau」(發音像fuh oo)。【單詞】analogous [uh-'nal-uh-guhs]['nlɡs] adj. 類似的
In Romanian, 'w' is called a 'double-v', like you said, though, and I think that's the case for all romance languages.【譯】在羅馬尼亞語中,「w」被稱為「雙v」,就像你說的,我認為所有的羅曼系語言都是這樣。【專有名詞】Romanian [roh-'mey-nee-uhn, 'meyn-yuhn][ru'menin] n. 羅馬尼亞人;羅馬尼亞語 adj. 羅馬尼亞的 Rumanian
【注】Romance languages 羅曼語族; 羅曼斯語,由拉丁語演變而成的語言; romance在這裡不是「浪漫」的意思
Same in Catalan and Spanish.【譯】加泰隆尼亞語和西班牙語也一樣。【專有名詞】Catalan ['kat-l-an, -uhn, kat-l-'an]['ktln] n. (西班牙)加泰隆尼亞(語)【專有名詞】Spanish ['span-ish]['spn] n. 西班牙語;西班牙人
So yes, probably all romance languages say double-v.【譯】所以是的,可能所有的羅曼系語言都說雙v。
In French it's also "double-v", so yeah, I guess it's safe to assume it happens in all Romance languages.【譯】在法語中也是「雙v」,所以是的,我想可以安全地假定,它發生在所有的羅曼系語言中。【單詞】guess [ges][ɡes] v. 推測;猜中;以為n. 猜測;猜想【單詞】safe [seyf][sef] adj. 安全的;安然無恙的;可靠的;謹慎的【單詞】assume [uh-'soom]['sjum] vt. 假定;設想;承擔;(想當然的)認為【單詞】happens 原型:happen ['hap-uhn]['hpn] vi. 發生;碰巧;出現【專有名詞】French [french][frent] n. 法語
Uhm, actually in Mexican Spanish it's "double-u", so there's that exception.【譯】嗯,實際上在墨西哥西班牙語中是「雙u」,所以有個例外。【單詞】Uhm 語氣詞【單詞】exception [ik-'sep-shuhn][k'sepn] n. 例外;不合規則;異議【專有名詞】Mexican ['mek-si-kuhn]['mekskn] n. 墨西哥人;墨西哥語 adj. 墨西哥的