* 用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升，並樹立英語思維；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，還有疑惑再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。* 本篇文章難度係數7.9，由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智慧難度分析系統提供評分。
#英語學習#
So how does the the human brain ignore the second the?【譯】那麼人腦是如何忽略第二個the的呢？
【編者按】這是特定場景下，提問者疑惑某句話中第二個the沒有被注意到，由於該句話實質上不重要，因此沒有列出。【單詞】brain [breyn][bren] n. 腦；智力
【單詞】ignore [ig-'nawr, -'nohr][ɡ'n] vt. 忽視；不理；不顧
We don't actually read every word in a sentence.【譯】我們並不是對一句話中的每個詞都會去讀。【單詞】sentence ['sen-tns]['sentns] n. 句子
Our brains pick up the patterns and fill in the blanks as we skim along the text, which greatly increases our reading speed while doing very little to reduce comprehension.【譯】當我們瀏覽文字時，我們的大腦會試圖按一些模式去匹配並進行「填空」，這大大提高了我們的閱讀速度，而對理解力的影響卻微乎其微。【單詞】pick up 發現，找到，識別（特點或模式）【單詞】patterns 原型：pattern ['pat-ern]['ptn] n. 模式；式樣【單詞】fill [fil][fl] vt. 裝滿；填充【單詞】blanks 原型：blank [blangk][blk] n. 空白處，空白【單詞】skim [skim][skm] v. 略讀；掠過，瀏覽【單詞】greatly ['greyt-lee]['ɡretli] adv. 很；非常；大大地【單詞】speed [speed][spid] n. 速度；迅速【單詞】reduce [ri-'doos, -'dyoos][r'djus] v. 減少；縮小；簡化【單詞】comprehension [kom-pri-'hen-shuhn][kmpr'henn] n. 理解；理解力；領悟能力
We do it with just about all sensory input, as well.【譯】我們同時也會用到幾乎其他所有的感覺輸入。【短語】as well 也（相當於too）；同樣地；還不如；此外；例句：We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well. 既要有原則性， 也要有靈活性。【單詞】sensory ['sen-suh-ree]['sensri] adj. 知覺的；感覺的；知覺器官的【單詞】input ['in-poot]['npt] n. 輸入；輸入信息；輸入數據
We blank out while driving but still reach our destinations with no incidents, we tune out smells pretty quickly (no matter how bad the smell is), we tune out physical sensations (you're now aware of how your tongue is resting in your mouth, also you're breathing manually), we hit that autopilot button at work and just coast through it while thinking about the grocery shopping, etc.【譯】我們在開車時沒有刻意（去感覺），但到達目的地時仍然沒有發生意外，我們很快就感覺不到氣味（不管氣味有多糟糕），我們排除了身體感覺（你現在已經意識到你的舌頭是如何在嘴裡休息的，你也在無意識地保持呼吸），我們在工作的時候按了自動駕駛鍵，然後一邊想著去雜貨店買東西，一邊慢慢地走過去。【短語】aware of ... 意識到..., 知道…；例句：We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation. 我們十分清楚形勢的嚴峻性。【單詞】blank out 不再去想; 刻意忘卻【單詞】driving 原型：drive [drahyv][drav] v. 開車【單詞】reach [reech][rit] v. 到達；伸出；達成【單詞】destinations 原型：destination [des-tuh-'ney-shuhn][dest'nen] n. 目的地；終點【單詞】incidents 原型：incident ['in-si-duhnt]['nsdnt] n. 事件；事故【單詞】tune [toon, tyoon][tjun] vt. 調整【單詞】smells 原型：smell [smel][smel] n. 氣味；嗅覺；嗅【單詞】pretty ['prit-ee]['prti] adv. 相當地【單詞】physical ['fiz-i-kuhl]['fzkl] adj. 物質的；身體的；體力的；物理的；肉體上的，身體上的【單詞】sensations 原型：sensation [sen-'sey-shuhn][sen'sen] n. 感覺；知覺【單詞】tongue [tuhng][t] n. 舌頭【單詞】breathing 原型：breathe [breeth][bri] vi. 呼吸
【單詞】manually ['man-yoo-uhl]['mnjuli] adv. 用手；手動地；非自動的【單詞】hit [hit][ht] vi. 打（擊）；擊打【單詞】autopilot ['aw-toh-pahy-luht]['tpalt] n. 自動駕駛儀【單詞】button ['buht-n]['btn] n. 紐扣；按鈕【單詞】coast [kohst][kst] v. (尤指不用動力向山坡下)滑行，慣性滑行; (不用多少動力)快速平穩地移動【單詞】grocery ['groh-suh-ree]['ɡrsri] n. 雜貨店【單詞】shopping ['shop-ing]['p] n. 購物；買東西【單詞】etc ['etk] abbr. 及其他；等等(=Et cetera)
It's probably an evolutionary trait that evolved from a need to be vigilant against unique sensory input, like sudden movements and noticing things that aren't supposed to be there.【譯】這可能是一種進化特徵，它是由對獨特的感覺輸入保持警惕的需要演變而來的，比如突然的動作和注意到不應該存在的東西。【單詞】evolutionary [ev-uh-'loo-shuh-ner-ee][iv'lunri] adj. 進化的；發展的；演變的【單詞】trait [treyt][tret] n. 特徵；特點；少許【單詞】evolved 原型：evolve [ih-'volv][i'vlv] v. (使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演變；進化【單詞】vigilant ['vij-uh-luhnt]['vdlnt] adj. 警戒的；警惕的【單詞】unique [yoo-'neek][ju'nik] adj. 獨特的；獨一無二的；稀罕的【單詞】sudden ['suhd-n]['sdn] adj. 突然的；出乎意料的【單詞】noticing 原型：notice ['noh-tis]['nts] vt. 注意；留心【單詞】supposed 原型：suppose [suh-'pohz][s'pz] vt. 假設；假定；認為；想；應該
We're good at recognizing patterns, and tune things out to reduce overall taxation from sensory inputs so we can instead focus on novel inputs.【譯】我們善於識別模式，並將一些事物排除在外，以減少感官輸入的總體稅收（指額外的開銷），這樣我們就可以將注意力集中在新穎的輸入上。【短語】focus on... 專注於...，集中在...上；例句：We focus on your lifestyle, to ignite your senses. 我們關注你的生活方式，點燃你的感覺。【單詞】recognizing 原型：recognize ['rek-uhg-nahyz]['rekɡnaz] vt. 承認；認出；意識到；識別【單詞】overall ['oh-ver-awl][vr'l] adj. 全部的；總體的；全面考慮的【單詞】taxation [tak-'sey-shuhn][tk'sen] n. 課稅；徵稅；稅金【單詞】focus ['foh-kuhs]['fks] v. （使）集中；聚集【單詞】novel ['nov-uhl]['nvl] adj. 新奇的
I'm an English tutor, and one of the practices we use to catch those kinds of mistakes is to read the whole text backward.【譯】我是一名英語老師，我們用來糾正這類錯誤的一種做法是把整篇課文反著讀。【短語】used to ... 過去一向，過去時常，過去曾（而現在不再）做某事; 例句：Young ladies used to have lessons in deportment. 少女們以前要上儀態課的。【單詞】tutor ['too-ter, 'tyoo-]['tjut] n. 家庭教師；導師【單詞】catch [kach][kt] v. 趕上；抓住；捕捉；領會【單詞】mistakes 原型：mistake [mi-'steyk][m'stek] n. 錯誤；誤會；過失
【單詞】backward ['bak-werd]['bkwd] adv. 向後，反方向
Doing this tricks the brain into not recognizing the speech patterns and causes it to focus on each word.【譯】這樣做會誘使大腦無法識別語音模式，並導致它將注意力集中在每個單詞上。【單詞】tricks 原型：trick [trik][trk] n. 詭計；花招；把戲；訣竅【單詞】speech [speech][spit] n. 言語；語言能力
Our brains are tuned for pattern recognition and prediction, not detail.【譯】我們的大腦被調整為模式識別和預測，而不是注重細節。【單詞】recognition [rek-uhg-'nish-uhn][rekɡ'nn] n. 認出；識別【單詞】prediction [pri-'dik-shuhn][pr'dkn] n. 預言；預報【單詞】detail [dih-'teyl]['ditel] n. 細節；瑣事；枝節
That's also why things that break the expected pattern/outcome can be so jarring.【譯】這也是為什麼打破預期模式/結果的事情會如此讓人驚詫的原因。【單詞】break [breyk][brek] v. 打碎；折斷；違背；解決【單詞】jarring 原型：jar [jahr][dɑ] vi. 發刺耳聲；不協調；震蕩；衝突 vt. 擾亂；震動
Sometimes it's in a fun way, though.【譯】不過，有時候這很有趣。【單詞】fun [fuhn][fn] adj. 有趣的
See movie twists, stage magic, joke punchlines and so on.【譯】看電影情節，舞臺魔術，笑話，妙語等等。【單詞】movie ['moo-vee]['muvi] n. 電影【單詞】twists 原型：twist [twist][twst] n. 擰；扭曲；盤旋；彎曲處；這裡指「（故事或情況的）轉折」【單詞】magic ['maj-ik]['mdk] n. 魔法；魔術；魔力【單詞】joke [johk][dk] n. 笑話；玩笑 v. 說笑話；開玩笑
【單詞】punchline [pntlan] n. （笑話最後的）關鍵句，妙語；畫龍點睛之語
It's a filtering mechanism.【譯】這是一種過濾機制。【單詞】filtering 原型：filter ['fil-ter]['flt] v. 過濾；滲透【單詞】mechanism ['mek-uh-niz-uhm]['meknzm] n. 機制；原理
Ignore the leaves, see the broken up/partial shape or movement of the predator hiding behind them.【譯】忽略樹葉，看看隱藏在樹葉後面的掠食者的破碎/部分形狀或運動。【單詞】Ignore 原型：ignore 動詞原形 [ig-'nawr, -'nohr][ɡ'n] vt. 忽視；不理；不顧【單詞】leaves 原型：leaf [leef][lif] n. 樹葉；葉【單詞】broken 原型：break [breyk][brek] v. 打碎；折斷；違背；解決；中斷【單詞】shape [sheyp][ep] n. 形狀；形式；身材【單詞】predator ['pred-uh-ter, -tawr]['predt] n. 食肉動物；掠奪者；（動物的）捕食性天敵【單詞】hiding 原型：hide [hahyd][had] v. 藏；隱瞞；遮避
Brains are lazy.【譯】大腦是懶惰的。【單詞】lazy ['ley-zee]['lezi] adj. 懶惰的；懶散的
They are quick to guess, and they "check" the guess as lazily as possible.【譯】他們猜得很快，而且儘可能懶地「檢查」猜測。【用法】as...as possible表示「儘可能」。兩個as中間為形容詞或者副詞的原級。如：（1）We should speak English as much as possible in English class. 此處為形容詞，much修飾English。（2）We have to run as fast as possible. 此處為副詞，fast修飾run。【單詞】quick [kwik][kwk] adj. 迅速的；快的；機敏的 adv. 迅速地；快【單詞】guess [ges][ɡes] v. 推測；猜測【單詞】check [chek][tek] v. 檢查；核對【單詞】lazily ['ley-zee]['lezl] adv. 懶惰地；慢吞吞地
More accurately; brains need to be as fast as possible while using as little energy as possible, so we can out-compete everything else and not get killed - same as all life.【譯】更準確地說，大腦需要儘可能快的速度，同時儘可能少地消耗能量，這樣我們就可以超越其他一切，而不會像所有生命一樣被殺死（只被獵食者）。【單詞】accurately ['ak-yer-it]['kjrtli] adv. 準確地；精確地
That's what makes you successful; use the minimum resources to get what you need.【譯】這就是人類成功的原因；用最少的資源得到所需要的東西。【單詞】minimum ['min-uh-muhm]['mnmm] adj. 最少的；最低程度的
【單詞】resources 原型：resource ['ree-sawrs][r'ss] n. 資源
Which is why life takes short-cuts - as long as they work more often than not...【譯】這就是為什麼生活需要捷徑-只要他們經常工作。。。
It applies to all levels of things; from your example, to people more readily believing things they already know more than anything new to them - regardless of reality.【譯】它適用於所有層次的事物；從你的例子，到人們更容易相信他們已經知道的東西比任何新的東西還多-不管現實如何。【短語】regardless of 表示「不管……的；不顧……的」，後接名詞、代詞、從句。如：Regardless of whether it rains, there will be plenty we can do for fun. 【單詞】applies 原型：apply [uh-'plahy]['pla] vi. 有關聯【單詞】readily ['red-l-ee]['redli] adv. 容易地；迅速地；樂意地；欣然【單詞】regardless [ri-'gahrd-lis][r'ɡɑdls] adj. 不顧的；不注意的 adv. 不顧【單詞】reality [ree-'al-i-tee][ri'lti] n. 真實；現實；實際
Your brain is very efficient (lazy).【譯】人的大腦很高效（換個說法就是懶惰）。【單詞】efficient [ih-'fish-uhnt]['fnt] adj. 效率高的；勝任的
It can ignore redundancies unless you focus on them.【譯】它可以忽略冗餘的東西，除非你刻意專注於它們。【單詞】redundancies 原型：redundancy [ri-'duhn-duhn-see][r'dndnsi] n. 冗餘；多餘信息【單詞】unless [uhn-'les, uhn-][n'les] conj. 除非；如果不 prep. 除 ... 外
A neat experiment to do ( but can be difficult) is if you stare at one point for a good amount of time, and I mean stare don't move your eyes even a bit, you'll notice it starts to disappear.【譯】一個很好的實驗（但可能很難）是，如果你盯著一個點看很長時間，我的意思是瞪著你的眼睛一點兒也不動，你會注意到它開始消失。【單詞】neat [neet][nit] adj. 整潔的；簡潔的；利索的【單詞】experiment [ik-'sper-uh-muhnt][k'spermnt] n. 試驗；實驗；嘗試【單詞】stare [stair][ste] v. 盯著看；凝視【單詞】disappear [dis-uh-'peer][ds'p] vi. 消失；不見；失蹤
Your brain is saying this is not new input so I will ignore it.【譯】你的大腦在說「這不是新的輸入，所以我會忽略它」。
Its why your eyes are constantly doing micro movements you may not notice and why when look from one thing to another quickly you don't see a blur but instead feels like your vision teleported.【譯】這就是為什麼你的眼睛不停地做微小的運動，你可能沒有注意到，為什麼當你從一個東西快速地看到另一個東西時，你看不到模糊的東西，而是感覺像你的視覺瞬間轉移過去了。【單詞】constantly ['kon-stuhnt]['knstntli] adv. 不斷地；經常地【單詞】micro ['mahy-kroh]['makr] adj. 微小的【單詞】blur [blur][bl] v.使... 模糊【單詞】vision ['vizh-uhn]['vn] n. 視力；視覺
【單詞】teleport [telprt] v. 瞬間轉移，瞬間移動，傳送