原文譯文
Bartleby
巴特比
Youngsters』 job preferences and prospects are mismatched
年輕人的工作偏好和前景並不匹配
Teenage picks
青少年的選擇
1. THE WORLD of work is changing. Are people ready for the new job outlook? A survey of 15-year-olds across 41 countries by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, found that teenagers may have unrealistic expectations about the kind of work that will be available.
職場正在發生變化。人們準備好迎接新的工作前景了嗎?經合組織(OECD)對41個國家的15歲青少年進行了一項調查，發現他們對未來的工作有不切實際的期望。
2. Four of the five most popular choices were traditional professional roles: doctors, teachers, business managers and lawyers. Teenagersclustered aroundthe most popular jobs, with the top ten being chosen by 47% of boys and 53% of girls. Those shares were significantly higher than when the survey was conducted back in 2000.
在五個最受歡迎的職業選擇中，有四個傳統職業：醫生、教師、公司經理和律師。青少年選擇的最受歡迎工作的前十名由47%的男孩和53%的女孩選出。這些工作佔比明顯高於2000年進行調查時的水平。
3. The rationale for this selection was partly down towishful thinkingon the part of those surveyed (designers, actors and musical performers were three of the top 15 jobs). Youth must be allowed a bit of hope. When Bartleby was a teenager, his ambitions were to play cricket for England and become prime minister; neither ambition was achieved (a lucky escape for the country on both counts).
選擇這個職位的部分原因是受訪者的一廂情願(設計師、演員和音樂表演者是最受歡迎的前15名工作中排名前三的)。必須給年輕人一點希望。當巴特比十幾歲的時候，他的抱負成為英格蘭的板球運動員，或者成為英國首相;這兩個目標都沒有實現(這是國家之幸)。
4. Furthermore, teenagers can hardly be expected to have anin-depthknowledge of theminutiaeof labour-market trends. They will have encountered doctors and teachers in their daily lives. Other popular professions, such as lawyers and police officers, will be familiar from films and social media. But many people end up in jobs they would not have heard of in their school years. Yousettle forwhat is available.
此外，很難期望青少年對勞動力市場趨勢有深入的了解。他們在日常生活中經常接觸到的就是醫生和老師。其他受歡迎的職業，如律師和警察，他們也會經常在電影和社交媒體中見到。但許多人最終從事了他們在學生時代從未聽說過的工作。他們無奈接受他們能找到的工作。
5. The OECD points out that some of the fastest-growing occupations are rarely mentioned by young people. But surely the surprise is not that 「user support technician」 is ranked only 158th out of 543 professions and 「computer user support specialist」 appears in 229th place. Rather, it is astonishing that young people know that such jobs exist at all.
經合組織指出，一些增長最快的職業很少被年輕人提及。但令人驚訝的肯定不是「用戶技術支持人員」在543種職業中僅排在第158位，而「計算機用戶支持專家」排在第229位。更令人驚訝的是，年輕人竟然知道有這樣的工作。
6. At least teenagers who want to tackle climate change, as many profess to, are in luck. America’s Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) predicts that the two fastest-growing occupations over the next few years will besolar-photovoltaicinstallers andwind-turbinetechnicians.
至少那些想要解決氣候變化問題的青少年，就像許多人聲稱的那樣，是幸運的。美國勞工統計局(BLS)預測，未來幾年增長最快的兩個職業將是太陽能光伏安裝員和風力渦輪機技術人員。
7. Some parts of the OECD survey are disturbing. Even though top performers in maths or science are evenly matched among males and females, a gender gap persists in terms of aspiration. More boys than girls expect to work in science or engineering—the average gap across the OECD is more than ten percentage points. The problem continues in higher education; with the exception of biological and biomedical sciences, degrees in STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) are male-dominated. In America women earn just 35.5% of undergraduate STEM degrees and 33.7% of PhDs.
經合組織調查的某些部分令人不安。儘管在數學或科學領域表現優異的男女學生勢均力敵，但在志向方面，性別差距依然存在。希望在科學或工程領域工作的男孩比女孩多——經合組織統計的平均差距超過10個百分點。這個問題在高等教育中依然存在;除了生物和生物醫學科學，STEM學科(科學、技術、工程和數學)的學位都是男性主導的。在美國，女性只獲得了35.5%的STEM本科學位和33.7%的博士學位。
8. Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in five computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time when the World Economic Forum predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions. But women are underrepresented in some important fields of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing, for example. Something about the tech industry puts off female applicants.
科技行業的情況更糟。在英國，只有五分之一的計算機科學專業大學生是女性，這是一個大問題，因為世界經濟論壇預測，在新興職業中，技術將創造超過四分之一的就業機會。但在一些重要的技術領域，女性的比例偏低;例如，在雲計算領域，只有12%的女性。科技行業的某些東西讓女性望而卻步。
9. Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors, which are alsopoised forexpansion. The BLS forecasts that eight of the 12 fastest-growing jobs in America over the next few years will be in those areas, with roles ranging from occupational-therapy assistants to genetic counsellors. The snag is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides (with the third- and fourth-fastest growth rates, respectively) hadmedianannual salaries in 2018 of just over $24,000.
婦女在保健和社會保健部門發揮更大的作用，這些部門也在擴大。勞工統計局預測，未來幾年美國12個增長最快的工作，如職業治療助理和基因顧問，有8個將在這些領域，。問題是，其中一些工作的薪水並不高。家庭健康和個人護理助理(增長率分別位居第三和第四)2018年的平均年薪略高於2.4萬美元。
10. Some jobs in health care are extremelylucrative, of course. But another gender imbalance emerges here: women make up only one-third of American health-care executives. In contrast, they tend to dominate the poorly paid social-care workforce. In Britain 83% of social-care workers are female. That suggests men shun the field, perhaps because they do not perceive caring to be a masculine trait.
當然，醫療行業的一些工作是非常賺錢的。但另一種性別失衡在這裡出現:女性僅佔美國醫療保健行業高管的三分之一。相比之下，在收入的社會護理勞動力中，女性又是主導。在英國，83%的社會福利工作者是女性。這表明男性迴避這個領域，也許是因為他們不認為關心是男性的特徵。
11. The biggest problem in the labour market, then, may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs. It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist will recognise this as an inefficient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies—be it the education system, government policy or corporate recruiting practices—it needs to be identified and fixed.
因此，勞動力市場的最大問題可能不是青少年專注於一些眾所周知的工作。這可能是一種錯位：沒有足夠多的有才華的女性進入科技行業，也沒有足夠多的男性從事社會福利工作。任何經濟學家都會認識到，這是一種對資源的低效利用。無論問題的根源在哪裡——無論是教育體系、政府政策還是企業招聘實踐——都需要加以識別和修正。
精讀解析
篇章內容
P1：背景：經合組織對青少年的調查發現他們對於未來的工作有不切實際的幻想。
P2—P6：青少年的職業選擇問題：第一：大多選擇傳統職業（P2）。原因：是受訪者的一廂情願（P3）；對勞動力市場沒有深入的了解（P4）。第二：很少選擇目前增長較快的新興職業，但是樂觀的一面是青少年對這些職業是有所了解的（P5—P6）。
P7—P10：此次調查發現的另一個問題：性別差距依然存在。
P11：總結：勞動力市場的最大問題可能不是青少年專注於一些眾所周知的工作，而是勞動力市場的性別差距，這是對資源的低效利用。
重點單詞
cluster around簇擁；緊緊環繞；圍繞著...而群集；聚集
【例句】
And by the middle of the Victorian period, sandwich sellers clustered around every factory gate.
到了維多利亞時代中期，三明治小販們聚集在每一個工廠門口。
wishful thinking痴心妄想；一廂情願
minutiae/m 'nju i / n. 微小；不重要的細節（minutia的複數）
【例句】
That the FDP is reduced to horse-trading over such minutiae says a lot about the collapse of this once-grand liberal party.
自由民主黨（FDP）淪落到在這種細枝末節上討價還價，這很大程度上體現了這個曾今的偉大的自由政黨的淪陷。
in-depth/in'depθ/ adj. 深入的,徹底的
【例句】
It also offers in-depth analysis on major international events. It has a great circulation.
同時也就國際上的一些重大事件進行深入的評析。發行量挺大的。
settle for無奈接受；勉強同意
solar-photovoltaic太陽能光伏
wind-turbine風力發電機；風力渦輪機
median/'mi d n/ n. 中值，中位數；中線adj. 中央的；中值的
【例句】
Between now and mid-century, Germany's median age will rise to 52.
從現在到本世紀中期，德國的中值年齡將上升到52歲。
Be poised for準備；蓄勢待發
lucrative /'lu kr t v/ adj. 獲利多的, 賺錢的
【例句】
He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.
他決定把自己的愛好變成賺錢的副業。
- THE END -
堅持就會有收穫！