點擊藍字 關注我們大家好，歡迎閱讀第410期《聽聽TA怎麼說》（原《時事英語》）。公眾號送福利嘍！免費獲得100期PDF，請點擊這裡。Our industry has been incredibly badly hit by the Covid-19 crisis and if our members are also restricted by additional costs and red tape on touring once things start to go back to normal, we will see a real downturn in what is a unique British success story: Music.Horace Trubridge, Musicians' Union general secretary
譯文：我們的行業受到了新冠疫情的嚴重打擊，如果我們的音樂家也受到額外費用和巡演時繁瑣手續的限制，一旦一切開始恢復正常，我們將看到英國獨特的成功故事——音樂——的真正衰退。
引言翻譯將在下期提供，歡迎大家在留言區提供自己的翻譯，或者用本期介紹的兩個詞組造句。
【搭配】there's no question that…
To be absolutely certain that something will happen, be done, or be the case
Note: Often confused with "be no question of" doing something, which means that there is no possibility that something will be done or is the case.
經常與「be no question of」混淆，there is no question of用於表示某事不可能發生或某人不可能做某事。She says now
there's no question that her life is better.
她說，
毫無疑問她現在的生活狀況有了好轉。
There's no question that computer network security is becoming a board-level issue.
網絡安全性問題
無疑已經成了一個上升到董事會層面的重大問題。
There's no question that the greater educational achievement an individual has, the higher income they earn.
毫無疑問，一個人受教育程度越高，收入就越高。【搭配】make it clear that…If you make something clear, you say something in a way that makes it impossible for there to be any doubt about your meaning, wishes, or intentions.I want to
make it very clear that I'm not going to raise taxes.
我需要
澄清的是我不會提高稅負。Barack Obama should
make it very clear to Mr Netanyahu
that he would not do that.
巴拉克•歐巴馬應該向內塔尼亞胡
明確表示，他不會那麼做。President-elect Joe Biden's proposal to more than double the federal minimum wage would provide an urgently
pay hike to millions of low-income workers and help stem inequality in the U.S., economists and labor advocates said.
經濟學家和勞工權益倡導者表示，當選總統喬•拜登提出的將聯邦最低工資提高一倍以上的提議將為數百萬低收入工人提供緊急的
加薪，並有助於遏制美國的不平等現象。In detailing his $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief proposal on Thursday, Mr. Biden called for raising the minimum wage to at least $15 an hour, saying, "No one working 40 hours a week should still be below the poverty line."
周四，拜登詳細闡述了1.9萬億美元的新冠疫情救助方案，呼籲將最低工資提高到至少每小時15美元，他說，「每周工作40小時的人不應該仍然處於貧困線以下。」The incoming Biden administration's plans to hike pay also reflects a dramatically shifting political landscape — one that could finally
bear fruit for low-paid workers and grassroots activists who for years have pushed for better pay and working conditions as part of the influential "Fight for $15" campaign.
即將上任的拜登政府提高工資的計劃也反映了政治格局的巨大變化，低收入工人和基層活動人士多年來一直在爭取提高工資和改善工作條件，這是頗具影響力的「爭取15美元時薪」運動的一部分，它可能終於要
取得成效。
Same federal wage since 2009
自2009年以來一直保持相同的聯邦最低工資The federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 an hour, hasn't budged since 2009, the longest period without an increase since it was passed in 1938. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, as of 2019 (the latest year for which data is available) 392,000 American workers were earning $7.25 an hour; another 1.2 million earned even less (tipped workers are among those exempt from the $7.25 minimum.)
聯邦最低工資標準目前為每小時7.25美元，自2009年以來就沒有變動過，這是自1938年通過該標準以來最長的沒有過上漲的時間段。根據美國勞工部的數據，截至2019年（可獲得數據的最新年份），39.2萬名美國工人的時薪為7.25美元；還有120萬人的收入甚至更少（有小費的工人不包括在7.25美元最低工資範圍內）。Overall, roughly 2% of all U.S. workers who are paid hourly earn $7.25 or less, government data show. Hiking the national minimum to $15 an hour by 2025 would lift 1.3 million workers above wages that put them below the poverty line, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.
政府數據顯示，總體而言，約有2%的美國勞動者時薪不超過7.25美元。根據無黨派的國會預算辦公室的數據，到2025年，將全國最低工資標準提高到每小時15美元，將使130萬工人的工資高於貧困線。The CBO also estimated the move would cost 1.3 million American jobs, a claim long made by conservative economists. Mr. Biden's call to boost the minimum wage to $15 an hour "is the absolute last thing that unemployed workers need right now," Michael Farren, an economist with the
right-leaning Mercatus Center at George Mason University, said in an email. "After all, they can't benefit from higher wages if those higher wages result in slower job growth."
國會預算辦公室還估計，此舉將導致130萬個美國人失業，這是保守派經濟學家長期以來的說法。喬治梅森大學（George Mason University）
右傾的莫卡特斯中心（Mercatus Center）的經濟學家麥可•法倫（Michael Farren）在一封電子郵件中說，拜登呼籲將最低工資提高到每小時15美元，「這絕對是失業工人目前最不需要的」。「畢竟，如果高工資導致就業增長放緩，他們就無法從高工資中受益。」Heidi Shierholz, senior economist and director of policy at the
left-leaning Economic Policy Institute, rejects the argument that a wage hike would lead to job losses.
左傾的經濟政策研究所（Economic policy Institute）的高級經濟學家兼政策主任海蒂•謝爾霍茲（Heidi Shierholz）駁斥了加薪會導致失業的觀點。"That claim of job loss isn't supported by evidence — it's likely an overestimate of negative employment impact. But even if you accept their findings, they still find
the benefits far outweigh the costs," Shierholz, formerly the Labor Department's chief economist under Barack Obama, told CBS MoneyWatch.
謝爾霍茲曾在巴拉克•歐巴馬任內擔任勞工部首席經濟學家，她告訴CBS金錢觀察，「這種會導致失業的說法沒有證據支持——很可能是高估了（提高最低工資）對就業的負面影響。但即使你接受他們的研究結論，他們的發現仍然表明
收益遠遠大於成本。」Higher labor costs from raising the minimum wage would be
shouldered by businesses, some of which would pass them on to consumers, according to the CBO.
據國會預算辦公室稱，提高最低工資導致的勞動力成本上升將由企業
承擔，其中一些會轉嫁到消費者身上。"The loss in business income would be mostly
borne by families well above the poverty line. All consumers would pay higher prices, but higher-income families, who spend more, would pay more of these costs," the CBO stated in a 2019 report.
國會預算辦公室在2019年的一份報告中表示，「企業收入的損失將主要由遠高於貧困線的家庭
承擔。所有消費者都將支付更高的價格，但支出更多的高收入家庭將支付更多的成本。」"There's no question that this would reduce inequality and reduce poverty by shifting money from corporate profits to low-wage workers," Shierholz said. "Biden has made it very clear that his economic plans are really centering on racial justice and gender economic justice. We know women and men of color are likely to be at the low end of wage distribution."
（本文為節選。欲覽全文，請至以下網址。）
網址：https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-minimum-wage-proposal-15-dollars/The Fight for $15 is an American political movement advocating for the minimum wage to be raised to $15 (United States dollars) per hour. The federal minimum wage was set at $7.25 per hour on July 24, 2009 which is equivalent to $8.76 in November 2020 according to the CPI inflation calculator. The movement has involved strikes by child care, home healthcare, airport, gas station, convenience store, and fast food workers for increased wages and the right to form a labor union. The "Fight for $15" movement started in 2012 ($17.00 in 2020 inflation adjusted dollars), in response to workers' inability to cover their costs on such a low salary, as well as the stressful work conditions of many of the service jobs which pay the minimum wage.
「爭取15美元」是美國倡導將最低工資提高到每小時15美元的政治運動。聯邦最低工資在2009年7月24日設定為每小時7.25美元，根據CPI通脹計算，這相當於2020年11月的8.76美元。這場運動包括從事兒童保育、家庭保健、機場、加油站、便利店和快餐店的工人為增加工資和成立工會的權利而舉行的罷工。「為15美元而戰」運動始於2012年（計算通貨膨脹後為2020年的17.00美元），以應對工人無法以如此低的工資覆蓋開支，以及應對許多拿最低工資的服務業壓力巨大的工作環境。The movement has seen successes on the state and local level. California, Massachusetts, New York (downstate only), Maryland, New Jersey, Illinois, Connecticut, and Florida have passed laws that gradually raise their state minimum wage to at least $15 per hour. Major cities such as San Francisco, New York City and Seattle, where the cost of living is significantly higher, have already raised their municipal minimum wage to $15 per hour with some exceptions. On the federal level, the $15 proposal has become significantly more popular among Democratic politicians in the past few years, and was added to the party's platform in 2016 after Bernie Sanders advocated it in his presidential campaign. As of 2019, the Raise the Wage Act, which would gradually raise the wage to $15 dollars per hour, is cosponsored by 181 members of the House of Representatives and 31 senators.
該運動在州和地方層面都取得了成功。加利福尼亞州、麻薩諸塞州、紐約州（僅限東南部）、馬裡蘭州、新澤西州、伊利諾州、康乃狄克州和佛羅裡達州已經通過法律，逐步將本州的最低工資提高到每小時至少15美元。像舊金山、紐約和西雅圖這樣的大城市，生活成本明顯更高，除了一些例外，已經將市政最低工資提高到每小時15美元。在聯邦層面，過去幾年裡，這個15美元的提案在民主黨政界人士中變得越來越受歡迎，並在2016年伯尼·桑德斯（Bernie Sanders）在競選總統時提出該提案後，被納入該黨的政綱。截至2019年，《提高工資法案》（Raise the Wage Act）將逐步把工資提高到每小時15美元，該法案由181名眾議院議員和31名參議員共同發起。
來源：維基百科
網址：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight_for_$15
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