Remarks by President Obama at Hiroshima Peace Memorial
Hiroshima Peace Memorial
Hiroshima, Japan
PRESIDENT OBAMA
Seventy-one years ago, on a bright, cloudless morning, death fell from the sky and the world was changed. A flash of light and a wall of fire destroyed a city and demonstrated that mankind possessed the means to destroy itself.
在71年前萬裡無雲的晴朗的早晨，死亡從天空降臨，世界由此改變。閃光不斷擴大，烈火形成的牆破壞了這座城市。這顯示出人類已經獲得毀滅自己的手段。
Why do we come to this place, to Hiroshima? We come to ponder[沉思,默想,考慮] a terrible force unleashed[突然釋放;使爆發] in a not so distant past. We come to mourn the dead, including over 100,000 in Japanese men, women and children; thousands of Koreans; a dozen Americans held prisoner. Their souls speak to us. They ask us to look inward, to take stock of[觀察;估量;對…作出判斷] who we are and what we might become.
我們為何會來到廣島？我們來到這裡，是為了思考恐怖的力量在並不遙遠的過去被釋放出來。是為了追悼超過10萬日本人、數千朝鮮半島人以及成為俘虜的美國人。這些人的靈魂對我們說，要更加關注內心、自己回顧過去、並思考今後要何去何從。
It is not the fact of war that sets Hiroshima apart. Artifacts[史前古器物;人工產品] tell us that violent conflict[暴力衝突] appeared with the very first man. Our early ancestors, having learned to make blades[刀片] from flint[燧石;打火石;極硬的東西] and spears[長矛] from wood, used these tools not just for hunting, but against their own kind. On every continent, the history of civilization is filled with war, whether driven by scarcity of grain[糧食匱乏] or hunger for gold; compelled by nationalist fervor[熱情;熱烈] or religious zeal[熱忱,熱情;激情]. Empires have risen and fallen. Peoples have been subjugated[徵服,使臣服] and liberated. And at each juncture[時刻;關頭], innocents have suffered, a countless toll, their names forgotten by time.
在戰爭中，並非只有廣島是特殊的。自古以來，暴力爭端一直不斷發生。最初使用石頭和長矛。人們使用武器，不僅是為了捕獲動物，還為了殺死人類自身。不管是哪塊大陸，所有的文明都充滿戰爭。時而為了追求金錢，時而出於民族主義和宗教理由，一直在爆發戰爭。帝國崛起，隨後衰退。人們成為奴隸，又得到解放。在歷史的轉折點上，無辜的人遭受痛苦，很多人成為犧牲品。犧牲者的名字隨著時間的流逝而逐漸被遺忘。
The World War that reached its brutal[殘忍的;野蠻的] end in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was fought among the wealthiest and most powerful of nations. Their civilizations had given the world great cities and magnificent art. Their thinkers had advanced ideas of justice and harmony and truth. And yet, the war grew out of the same base instinct[本能,直覺;天性] for domination or conquest that had caused conflicts among the simplest tribes; an old pattern amplified[擴大;增強] by new capabilities and without new constraints. In the span of a few years, some 60 million people would die -- men, women, children no different than us, shot, beaten, marched, bombed, jailed, starved, gassed to death.
第2次世界大戰在廣島和長崎顯示出殘酷的終結方式。文明一直在創造優秀的藝術。此外，思想家們一直在創造正義、和諧、真實的思考方式。但在同樣的地方，也孕育了戰爭。戰爭源自徵服的欲望、以及非常單純的部族。古老的方式藉助新的能力進一步加強，制約無法發揮作用。在短短數年之間，6千萬人失去生命。男性、女性、孩子等，都是與我們完全沒有不同的人們。遭到槍擊、被毆打、或被迫參加行軍、處在飢餓之中、或遭到逮捕、被送進毒氣室，結果因此而死亡。
There are many sites around the world that chronicle[記錄;把…載入編年史] this war -- memorials that tell stories of courage and heroism; graves and empty camps that echo of unspeakable depravity[墮落;邪惡]. Yet in the image of a mushroom cloud that rose into these skies, we are most starkly[顯而易見地,十分明顯地] reminded of humanity’s core contradiction[矛盾]; how the very spark that marks us as a species -- our thoughts, our imagination, our language, our tool-making, our ability to set ourselves apart from nature and bend it to our will -- those very things also give us the capacity for unmatched destruction.
全世界都存在很多記錄戰爭的場所。紀念碑還顯示出英勇的行為等，空空如也的收容所等講述了這些故事。但是，在這片天空中升起的蘑菇雲之中，我們明顯遇到了人類的巨大矛盾。我們的語言能力和想像力、製造和使用工具、與自然世界不同的人類能力帶來了巨大的破壞性力量。
How often does material advancement or social innovation blind us to this truth. How easily we learn to justify violence in the name of some higher cause. Every great religion promises a pathway to love and peace and righteousness[正義;正直], and yet no religion has been spared from believers who have claimed their faith as a license to kill. Nations arise, telling a story that binds[使團結;使聯合] people together in sacrifice and cooperation, allowing for remarkable feats[技藝;功績;業績;英勇事跡], but those same stories have so often been used to oppress[壓迫,壓抑] and dehumanize those who are different.
物質上的進步如何令人看不到這樣的事實？在多大程度上輕而易舉地為崇高理由而使用暴力，並尋找藉口？偉大的宗教都強調仁慈和愛，但這絕不應成為殺人的理由。國家的崛起一直被闡述為人們的團結，但一直被用於壓制人類的理由。
Science allows us to communicate across the seas and fly above the clouds; to cure disease and understand the cosmos[宇宙]. But those same discoveries can be turned into ever-more efficient killing machines.
藉助科學，我們進行了各種溝通，在天空中飛行，治癒了疾病，能理解太空。但是，相同的科學有時成為非常高效的殺人工具。
The wars of the modern age teach this truth. Hiroshima teaches this truth. Technological progress without an equivalent progress in human institutions can doom us. The scientific revolution that led to the splitting of an atom requires a moral revolution, as well.
但是，廣島正在教給我們真理。技術的進步如果沒有伴隨制度的進步，就將帶來毀滅。產生核裂變的科學進步同時需要道德的進步。
That is why we come to this place. We stand here, in the middle of this city, and force ourselves to imagine the moment the bomb fell. We force ourselves to feel the dread[恐懼,害怕;憂慮] of children confused by what they see. We listen to a silent cry. We remember all the innocents killed across the arc of that terrible war, and the wars that came before, and the wars that would follow.
正因為如此，我們站在廣島的正中心，遙想原子彈被投下的時候。遙想孩子們看到的情景，傾聽那種痛苦、無聲的叫喊聲。遙想無辜的人們由於這種殘酷的戰爭而遭到殺害。
遙想歷史上的戰爭、今後的戰爭的犧牲者。
Mere words cannot give voice to such suffering, but we have a shared responsibility to look directly into the eye of history and ask what we must do differently to curb[控制;限制,約束;抑制] such suffering again. Someday the voices of the hibakusha will no longer be with us to bear witness[作證,證明]. But the memory of the morning of August 6th, 1945 must never fade. That memory allows us to fight complacency[自滿;滿足;自鳴得意]. It fuels our moral imagination. It allows us to change.
僅僅憑語言，無法讓那些痛苦發出聲音。我們必須正面看清歷史，同時思考如何選擇與以往不同的道路、以及為不再產生痛苦，應該做些什麼。總有那麼一天，核爆受害者的聲音將消失。但8月6日的痛苦絕對不會消失。由於記憶，傲慢之心將被抑制。這一記憶將激發道德上的想像力，推動變化。
And since that fateful day, we have made choices that give us hope. The United States and Japan forged not only an alliance, but a friendship that has won far more for our people than we could ever claim through war. The nations of Europe built a Union that replaced battlefields with bonds of commerce and democracy. Oppressed[受壓制的,受壓迫的] peoples and nations won liberation. An international community established institutions and treaties that worked to avoid war and aspire to restrict and roll back, and ultimately eliminate the existence of nuclear weapons.
此外，自命運之日以來，我們一直在進行有希望的選擇。日美兩國不僅是同盟，還建立了友誼。這是戰爭帶來的東西。在歐洲，各國建立了聯盟，將戰場變為了商業、民主主義的紐帶（之地）。各種制度和條約為了避免戰爭而形成。為制約核武器，為了使之減少和消除而採取行動。
Still, every act of aggression between nations; every act of terror and corruption and cruelty and oppression that we see around the world shows our work is never done. We may not be able to eliminate man’s capacity to do evil, so nations –- and the alliances that we』ve formed -– must possess the means to defend ourselves. But among those nations like my own that hold nuclear stockpiles[儲備物;囤積物], we must have the courage to escape the logic of fear, and pursue a world without them.
但是，在全世界看到了國家間的攻擊行動、恐怖主義和腐敗、殘暴行為、打壓。這顯示出我們的任務沒有盡頭。我們或許無法根除人類作惡的能力。同時，必須擁有旨在保護自己的武器。但是，美國等擁有核武器的國家必須擺脫威懾的邏輯，拿出追求無核武器世界的勇氣。我們必須擺脫威懾理論。
We may not realize this goal in my lifetime. But persistent effort can roll back the possibility of catastrophe. We can chart a course[制定方向] that leads to the destruction of these stockpiles. We can stop the spread to new nations, and secure deadly materials from fanatics[狂熱者;入迷者].
或許在我的有生之年無法實現目標，但希望不斷追尋可能性。必須減少帶來破壞的核武器的保有，殺人的武器不能交給狂熱的人。
And yet that is not enough. For we see around the world today how even the crudest[粗糙的;簡陋的] rifles[步槍] and barrel bombs[桶爆彈] can serve up violence on a terrible scale. We must change our mindset[心態;傾向] about war itself –- to prevent conflict through diplomacy, and strive to end conflicts after they』ve begun; to see our growing interdependence as a cause for peaceful cooperation and not violent competition; to define our nations not by our capacity to destroy, but by what we build.
僅僅有這些還不夠。即使是原始的步槍和鐵桶炸彈，有時在世界上也帶來巨大的破壞。必須改變我們的內心和對戰爭的思考方式。必須努力通過外交手段解決爭端。和平的合作至關重要，不應展開暴力性競爭。
And perhaps above all, we must reimagine our connection to one another as members of one human race. For this, too, is what makes our species unique. We’re not bound by genetic code[遺傳密碼] to repeat the mistakes of the past. We can learn. We can choose. We can tell our children a different story –- one that describes a common humanity; one that makes war less likely and cruelty less easily accepted.
有必要認識彼此的聯繫，確認作為人類一員的聯繫。這種聯繫才能使人類更像人類。我們過去曾犯下錯誤，但能夠從這種不幸中學習，並作出選擇。能夠告訴孩子們還有其他道路。能夠創造共同的人類、戰爭不易爆發的世界、無法輕易接受殘酷性的世界。
We see these stories in the hibakusha –- the woman who forgave a pilot who flew the plane that dropped the atomic bomb, because she recognized that what she really hated was war itself; the man who sought out families of Americans killed here, because he believed their loss was equal to his own.
下面的故事來自於核爆受害者們那裡。一位女性原諒了投下原子彈的飛行員。這是因為憎恨的是戰爭，而不是人。有人見到遭殺害的美國人的家人，了解到彼此的喪失感具有相同意義。
My own nation’s story began with simple words: All men are created equal, and endowed by our Creator with certain unalienable rights, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Realizing that ideal has never been easy, even within our own borders, even among our own citizens.
美國這一故事以簡單的語句開始。所有的人都是平等的。同時具有與生俱來的權利。這是追求生命的自由和幸福的權利。但是，要使這些成為現實，在美國並不容易。
But staying true to that story is worth the effort. It is an ideal to be strived for; an ideal that extends across continents, and across oceans. The irreducible[不能減縮的;不可簡化的] worth of every person, the insistence that every life is precious; the radical and necessary notion that we are part of a single human family -– that is the story that we all must tell.
但是，努力忠實於這個故事非常重要。這是一種理想，是全部大陸、所有國家都需要的。所有生命都是寶貴的，我們是1個家庭的一部分。這就是我們必須傳達的故事。
That is why we come to Hiroshima. So that we might think of people we love -- the first smile from our children in the morning; the gentle touch from a spouse[配偶] over the kitchen table; the comforting embrace of a parent –- we can think of those things and know that those same precious moments took place here seventy-one years ago. Those who died -– they are like us. Ordinary people understand this, I think. They do not want more war. They would rather that the wonders of science be focused on improving life, and not eliminating it.
正因為如此，我們來到廣島。而且思考我們熱愛的人們。例如遙想早晨起床不久的孩子們的笑容、與配偶隔著桌子相互接觸、自己父母親的溫柔抱擁等，還可以想像這種感人的瞬間也曾存在於71年前的廣島。如果是普通人，可以認為死去的人是和我們完全沒有不同的人們。他們已經不希望再次發生戰爭。反而希望利用科學使生活變得更美好。
When the choices made by nations, when the choices made by leaders reflect this simple wisdom, then the lesson of Hiroshima is done.
在國家和領導人的選擇中，從廣島學到的這一樸素的智慧得到體現。
The world was forever changed here. But today, the children of this city will go through their day in peace. What a precious thing that is. It is worth protecting, and then extending to every child. That is the future we can choose -– a future in which Hiroshima and Nagasaki are known not as the dawn of atomic warfare, but as the start of our own moral awakening. (Applause.)
世界因廣島而完全改變。但在今天，廣島的孩子們生活在和平的日子裡。這是多麼珍貴啊。這一生活值得保護，還需要讓全世界的兒童都過上這種生活。這個日子告訴我們，廣島和長崎並非核戰爭的拂曉，而是道義上的覺醒的開始。
英文原文：http://t.cn/R5yPFox
中文原文：http://t.cn/R5yPFFQ
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