凱特·布蘭切特以聯合國難民署親善大使身份,一個目擊者的身份,講述了自己在孟加拉國看到的難民的親身經歷。而緬甸、羅興亞難民危機更是刻不容緩,大魔王在視頻中呼籲大家關注羅興亞難民問題,關注無國籍者。
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—— 凱特·布蘭切特 | 什麼是無國籍者 ——
原聲音頻及中英文本
Consider for just one minute what it would be like if the country you were born in and had lived your whole life didn't consider you a citizen. No country did. You belonged nowhere. That is the shocking reality for millions of people who have no nationality. They're stateless.
請花一分鐘時間想一想,如果你出生的國家一生都沒有將你視為其公民會是什麼樣子。對,沒有國家承認你,你不屬於任何地方。對於數百萬沒有國籍的人來說,這是令人震驚的現實,他們是無國籍者。
Most people are citizens of somewhere, we have birth certificates, we have passports, we have ID cards, we have driver's license, health cards, documents proving who we are. But on paper, stateless people simply don't exist.
大多數人都是某個地方的公民,我們有出生證,護照,身份證,駕駛執照,健康卡,文件等證明我們的身份。但是在名義上,無國籍者根本就不存在。
In fact, I can't even tell you how many stateless people there are, because over half of all countries don't even count them. Globally, countries that are counting have accounted for nearly 4 million people, but in all likelihood, the actual number is much much higher.
實際上,我甚至無法告訴你到底有多少無國籍者,因為全球超過半數國家甚至不將他們計算在(公民範圍)內。在全球,一些國家已統計到無國籍者的數量接近400萬,但實際數字很可能比這要高得多。
Without a passport or a national ID, the list of things you may not be able to do is never-ending. Go to school, see a doctor, own a SIM card, work legally, open a bank account, own or rent a home, even get married. And statelessness exists everywhere. It's not a problem in a far-off land. It's happening in countries like yours or mine.
沒有護照或身份證,你無法辦到的事情可能會一件接著一件。上學,看醫生,辦SIM卡,合法工作,開設銀行帳戶,買房或租房,甚至結婚,都無法實現。無國籍者無處不在,這個問題不是發生在遙遠的大陸,它正發生在你我所在的國家。
You might not even have heard of statelessness. I hadn't and I was staggered to learn of the devastating impact that statelessness has on families all around the world. So how does this happen?
你可能根本沒聽過什麼是無國籍者。我也沒有,但當我得知無國籍者對全世界家庭的毀滅性影響時,我感到非常震驚。那麼這是怎麼發生的呢?
In the chaos of fleeing war, families can leave or lose the papers that are proof of ties to a country. And that can make registering the birth of a child impossible. Leaving them stateless. Or borders can change or dissolve completely, for example, after the fall of the Soviet Union.
在逃離戰爭的混亂中,一些家庭可能會落下或丟失證明與一個國家有聯繫的文件。這樣就可能無法為出生的孩子登記,讓他們變成無國籍者。國界改變或國家解體也會造成無國籍者,例如,蘇聯解體。
In some countries, if your parents are stateless, so are you. It's passed on for generations. Other countries prevent parents passing on their nationality if their child is born abroad.
在一些國家,如果你的父母是無國籍者,那你也是,它會世代相傳。如果孩子在國外出生,其他國家會禁止父母放棄原國籍。
Some countries discriminate against women and don't let mothers pass on their citizenship. Ethnicity, language, religion, they've all been used as excuses to exclude entire groups from being citizens.
有些國家歧視婦女,不讓母親把她們的公民身份沿襲下去。種族、語言、宗教,它們都被用來作為把整個群體排除在公民身份之外的藉口。
More than three-quarters of all the people known to be stateless are minorities. Rohingya Muslims of Myanmar, Roma communities around the world, and others whose families moved generations ago to the country where they now live, but were never acknowledged as citizens.
在已知的無國籍人士中,四分之三以上都是少數民族。緬甸的羅興亞穆斯林,世界各地的羅姆人社區以及幾代以前就搬到現居國家的家庭,從未被承認是這個國家的公民。
When I went to Bangladesh, nothing could have prepared me for the depth of suffering that I saw amongst the Rohingya refugees. Stripped of citizenship in Myanmar, nearly four decades ago, they have faced discrimination, persecution and exile ever since.
去孟加拉國時,我看到羅興亞難民遭受的深重苦難時根本猝不及防。大概四十年前,從他們被剝奪了緬甸公民權以來,就一直被歧視,迫害和流放。
So what can we do? For lawmakers and courts, we say: You have the power to challenge and change the laws that lead to statelessness. More and more countries are signing up to the conventions that aim to end statelessness.
那我們能做什麼呢?對於立法者和法院來說,你們有權挑戰和改變導致無國籍狀態的法律。越來越多的國家正在逐步籤署結束無國籍狀態的公約。
In some situations, it can be complex. It can take time, effort and paperwork. In others, it takes a few words, or the stroke of a pen to give people the rights they deserve.
在某些情況下,它可能很複雜。這可能需要時間,精力和文書工作。其他情況,只需幾句話,或隨手籤個字就能給那些無國籍者應有的權利。
To give children, the chances and opportunities in life they so richly need. Either way, it's a man-made problem that we can solve. Let's do so, because everyone has the right to belong.
為孩子們,提供他們在生活中迫切需要的機會和各種可能。無論哪種方式,這些人為問題我們都可以解決。我們這樣做,是因為每個人都有歸屬的權利。