[1] 在本文中,我們所說的亞裔美國人(簡稱亞裔)涵蓋來自亞太地區約50個國家、講100餘種語言、現居美國的亞裔、夏威夷原住民及太平洋島民。
[2] 「Small business」欄目,亞太裔美國人全國委員會(National Council of Asian Pacific Americans),aapiern.org。
[3] Buck Gee與Denise Peck合作撰寫的Asian Americans are the least likely group in the U.S. to be promoted to management,《哈佛商業評論》(Harvard Business Review),2018年5月31日,hbr.org
[4] Vianney Gomez與Bradley Jones合作撰寫的As COVID-19 cases increase, most Americans support 『no excuse』 absentee voting,皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center),2020年7月20日,pewresearch.org。
[5] Namratha Kandula與Nilay Shah合作撰寫的Asian Americans invisible in COVID-19 data and in public health response,2020年6月16日,《芝加哥報導》(The Chicago Reporter),chicagoreporter.com。
[6] The color of coronavirus: COVID-19 deaths by race and ethnicity in the U.S.,APM研究實驗室,2020年7月8日,apmresearchlab.org。
[7] Written statement for the record for the hearing entitled 『The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on communities of color』 United States House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means,亞裔及太平洋島民健康論壇(Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum),2020年5月27日,apiahf.org;註:許多州未提供有關亞裔美國人新冠死亡率的細分數據。
[8] High mortality from COVID-19 among Asian Americans in San Francisco and California research brief,亞裔美國人健康研究中心(The Asian American Research Center on Health),anianarch.org。
[9] The color of coronavirus,美國公共媒體研究實驗室(APM Research Lab)。
[10] Hate incidents,AAPI應急響應網絡(AAPI Emergency Response Network),aapiern.org。
[11] Reports of anti-Asian assaults, harassment and hate crimes rise as Coronavirus spreads,反誹謗聯盟(Defamation),2020年6月18日,adl.org。
[12] Bobbie Person等人撰寫的Fear and stigma: The epidemic within the SARS outbreak,《新發傳染病》(Emerging Infectious Diseases),2004年2月,第10卷,第2期,第358-63頁,cdc.gov。
[13] Elizabeth J Kramer等人撰寫的Cultural factors influencing the mental health of Asian Americans," Western Journal of Medicine,《西方醫學期刊》(Western Journal of Medicine),2002年9月,第174卷,第4期,第227-31頁,ncbi.nlm.nih.gov。
[14] https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/home/topics/general-psychiatry/mental-health-care-access-low-among-asian-americans/
[15] Alexandra Olson與Terry Tang合作撰寫的Misguided virus fears hitting Asian American businesses,美聯社(AP News),2020年2月18日,apnew.com。
[16] Annual Business Survey: Statistics for Employer Firms by Industry, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, and Veteran Status for the U.S., States, Metro Areas, Counties, and Places: 2017,美國人口普查局,2020年5月19日更新,data.census.gov。
[17] Small Business Pulse Survey, Responses by Geography and Sector: Week 6 (5/31-6/6),美國人口普查局,2020年7月2日,portal.census.gov。
[18] Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2018,美國勞工統計局,2019年10月,bls.gov。
[19] Economic news release: Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age,美國勞工統計局,2020年7月2日更新,bls.gov。
[20] Jonnelle Marte撰寫的Surprise U.S. unemployment rate drop leaves out blacks, Asians,路透社(Reuters),2020年6月5日,reuters.com。
[21] Brian Thompson撰寫的Getting help for minority-owned businesses shut out of PPP loan relief,《福布斯》(Forbes),2020年5月12日,forbes.com。
[22] 第13166號行政命令,《聯邦公報》(Federal Register),第3類,第65卷,第159號(2000)。
[23] https://www.sba.gov/document/sba-form-3508-ppp-loan-forgiveness-application-translations