本文選自《經濟學人》12月7日刊文章。曾經,亞洲四小龍——香港、新加坡、韓國和臺灣是亞洲之光,全球經濟的寵兒,上世紀60年代初到90年代,它們的經濟基本上呈兩位數的增長。他們生產棉質襯衫、塑料花和黑色假髮,包括後來的內存晶片、筆記本電腦和股票衍生品,它們在經濟上的成就改變了幾代人的命運。然而亞洲金融危機讓這一切光芒覆了一層陰影,隨後,世界變了,歷史的天平不再一味向它們傾斜,它們都面臨著看似棘手的問題:臺灣工資停滯不前、韓國大企業佔據主導地位、新加坡由廉價進口工人構成的下層階級,以及最具爆炸性的——香港不願、或不能傾聽其人民的呼聲。冉冉升起的亞洲經濟新星——中國,已經蓋過了它們的光芒。如今的亞洲四小龍面臨很多問題,如何降低社會不平等,如何提高生產力,如何應對老齡化,如何在中美之間取得平衡。這期《經濟學人》特刊帶你走進亞洲四小龍。
由於篇幅較長,本文節選全文重點段落進行精講。
選文精講
Special report: Asian tigers 特別報導:亞洲四小龍
Asian tigers 亞洲四小龍
After half a century of success, the Asian tigers must reinvent themselves
在半個世紀的成功之後,亞洲四小龍必須重塑自己
They must move from growth-obsessed developmental states, to growth-friendly welfare states
它們必須從痴迷於增長的發展中國家/地區,轉向有利於增長的福利國家/地區
THE FOUR Asian tigers—Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan—once fascinated the economic world. From the early 1960s until the 1990s, they regularly achieved double-digit growth. A generation that had toiled as farmers and labourers watched their grandchildren become some of the most educated people on the planet. The tigers started by making cotton shirts, plastic flowers and black wigs. Before long, they were producing memory chips, laptops and equity derivatives. In the process they also spawned a boisterous academic debate about the source of their success. Some attributed it to the anvil of government direction; others to the furnace of competitive markets.
toil: 辛勤勞動
wig:假髮
equity derivative: 股票衍生物
boisterous: 喧鬧的、猛烈的
furnace: 火爐、熔爐
亞洲四小龍——香港、新加坡、韓國和臺灣——曾經讓經濟世界著迷,從上世紀60年代初到90年代,它們基本上呈兩位數的增長。這一代辛勤勞作的農民、工人看著他們的孫輩成為這個星球上受教育程度最高的一些人。四小龍開始生產棉質襯衫、塑料花和黑色假髮。不久,它們就開始生產內存晶片、筆記本電腦和股票衍生品。在此過程中,他們也引發了一場關於他們成功來源的激烈學術辯論。一些人認為這是政府指導有方;另一些人將其歸因於激烈的市場競爭。
Then the world turned away. The Asian financial crisis destroyed their mystique. China became the new development star, even if, to a certain extent, it followed their lead. The tigers themselves seemed to lose their stride. This year America is on track to grow more quickly than all four of them.然後,世界變了。亞洲金融危機摧毀了他們的神秘感,中國成為了新的發展之星,即使在某種程度上,中國跟隨過他們的腳步。四小龍自己似乎也失去了前進的動力,今年,美國的增長速度將超過它們。
They all have seemingly intractable problems: stagnant wages in Taiwan, the dominance of big business in South Korea, an underclass of cheap imported workers in Singapore and, most explosive, a government in Hong Kong that will not, or cannot, listen to its people.它們都面臨著看似棘手的問題:臺灣工資停滯不前、韓國大企業佔據主導地位、新加坡由廉價進口工人構成的下層階級,以及最具爆炸性的——香港政府不願、或不能傾聽其人民的呼聲。
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