獨家解析:2020年北京市平谷區高三一模英語

平谷區2020年下學期高三一模

第一部分知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）

第一節語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

This year, the World Cup has been played across different___1___(city), and Team China had training sessions even on traveling days when some participating teams chose to rest up after a tiring flight. When the team struggled, Captain Zhu Ting was always there, doing whatever was needed___2___(carry) the team forward. That’s why she has become a national volleyball icon(偶像), just like 「Iron Hammer」 Lang. Never giving up, especially in a difficult situation,that’s___3___the spirit of Chinese women’s volleyball means.

【答案】1. cities；2. to carry；3. what；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是一篇新聞報導，中國女子排球隊在旅遊日還在訓練，在球隊拼搏時，隊長朱婷總是和隊員們在一起，永不放棄是中國女排精神所在。

【1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：今年，世界盃在不同城市舉行比賽。根據the World Cup has been played across different得知世界盃在不同城市舉行比賽。形容詞different修飾名詞複數。故填cities。

【2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：隊長朱婷做她能做的為了帶球隊前進，表示目的用動詞不定式。故填to carry。

【3題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：永不放棄，尤其是在逆境中。這是中國女排精神的含義。be動詞後是表語從句，從句動詞means缺少賓語，且指物。故填what。

B

The railway line___4___(connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics,isthe world's first intelligent, high-speed railway. It___5___(go)into operation on Dec 30, 2019. The railway is 174 km long, with a maximum design speed of 350 kph. It reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes. The train is designed with an area to store snowboards, a device to secure wheelchairs anda mobile news center___6___passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts.

【答案】4. connecting；5. went；6. where；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了連接北京與2022年冬奧會合辦城市張家口的高速鐵路 。

【4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：連接北京和張家口的鐵路線是世界上第一個智能高鐵。謂語動詞是is，連接和謂語動詞之間沒有連詞，要用非謂語動詞，主語是鐵路線和連接是主動關係，用現在分詞。故填connecting。

【5題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：2019年12月30日它投入運行。on Dec 30, 2019.提示是過去時態。故填went。

【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：火車上設計有存放滑雪板的區域，一個確保輪椅安置和移動新聞中心，在那裡乘客可以看奧林匹克直播，先行詞是a mobile news center，在定語從句中做地點狀語。故填where。

C

The 「Twenty-four Solar terms」 is the Chinese___7___(tradition)wayof dividing and marking time. It shows the relationship between the universe, seasons, climate and agriculture, which is uniquely created___8___Chinese ancestors. The Twenty-four Solar Terms are important instructions for the agricultural production as well as people's daily lives. At the initial stage of agricultural development, people began to explore rules of nature and used___9___(they)to guide sowing, harvesting and other agricultural activities. Until now, it___10___(become) an essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China. And its charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public.

【答案】7. traditional；8. by；9. them；10. has become/becomes；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是說明文。介紹了中國劃分時間的傳統方式「二十四節氣」.

【7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：二十四節氣是中國傳統的劃分時間的方法。形容詞修飾名詞，方法是名詞，故填traditional。

【8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：它表示宇宙、季節、氣候和農業的關係，它被中國祖先創造。表示被動用be動詞加過去分詞+by，故填by。

【9題詳解】考查代詞。句意：人們開始探索自然的規律並使用它們來引導播種、收穫或其他農業活動。動詞後用賓格代詞。故填them。

【10題詳解】考查時態。句意：直到現在，它已經成為了引導中國農業生產重要的工具。until now可以理解為現在之前用現在完成時或當前的狀態用一般現在時。故填has become/becomes。

第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。

Never Say Quit永遠不要說放棄

In my twenty-five years of coaching, I encountered many extraordinary athletes. Yet the athlete who made the greatest impression on me wasn't one of those promising young men, but Bobby Colson.在我25年的教練生涯中，我遇到了許多傑出的運動員。然而，給我留下最深刻印象的運動員不是那些有前途的年輕人，而是博比·科爾森。

Early in the season, Bobby, who looked heavy but strong,___11___me in the school hallway. He told me he was eager to join in our track team and believed he could make an important___12___. I was deeply___13___by his presentation and self-confidence.

Given his physique, the logical role for Bobby was that of a "weight man」. So he did his best in trying discus(鐵餅), shot pot…, only to find out these events were not___14___for him at all. So Bobby intended to try another more difficult event: two-mile race. I admired Bobby's___15___, but to myself, I questioned whether the two-mile race was a good choice. Yet Bobby was___16___and for the following weeks, he painfully but___17___struggled through his workouts.

Three months later, the two-mile race was well underway. While all the other runners had already finished, Bobby___18___had three laps to go. As Bobby completed his last two of his___19___laps, several boys from the other teams started making fun of him and___20___at him to get off the track. Bobby was crying noticeably but kept going. At this moment, our team members noticed and went to___21___Bobby on. On the last lap, all our athletes stood up to cheer Bobby on. Imagine a moving sight: Our whole team lined up___22___the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears___23___down his face.

After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates. He went from event to event___24___his teammates. When one of our athletes took a first place, Bobby was even more excited than the winner. Every teammate___25___him very much and felt lucky to have him in the team.

Bobby had been right when he told me he felt he could make a significant contribution. He had joined a good team and made it into a great___26___.Since then, I've seen many top athletes___27___the track when they knew they weren't going to win a race. Bobby, on the contrary, never once___28___leaving that two-mile race. Once he___29___, quitting was not an option. His example helped us all to understand that talent is God given, and those who have it should be thankful, but the spirit of___30___is self-given, and we should value it.

【答案】11. D；12. C；13. A；14. B；15. A；16. C；17. D；18. A；19. B；20. C；21. D；22. B；23. A；24. D；25. B；26. A；27. C；28. B；29. D；30. C；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是記敘文。文中笨重強壯的鮑比通過自己的毅力和對隊員的關愛告訴我們：毅力的精神是自發的，我們應該珍惜它。

11. A. waved揮手

B. informed通知

C. limited有限

D. stopped停止/叫住

【劉凱老師詳解】考查動詞。句意：在賽季初，看起來笨重但是很強壯的鮑比在學校走廊攔住我。根據He told me he was eager to join in our track team得知鮑比攔住作者說了一些話。

12. A. appearance外表/出現

B. promise答應

C. contribution貢獻

D. influence影響

【劉凱老師詳解】考查名詞。句意：他說他相信他會做出重要貢獻。根據下文Bobby had been right when he told me he felt he could make a significant contribution.鮑比當時很自信，他說會做出重要貢獻。

13.A. impressed有印象的

B. frightened害怕

C. puzzled困惑的

D. embarrassed尷尬的

【劉凱老師詳解】考查形容詞。句意：鮑比的自我介紹和自信，給我留下印象深刻。根據I was deeply3by his presentation and self-confidence.鮑比很自信，這讓我印象深刻。

14. A. satisfactory滿意的

B. challenging挑戰的

C. suitable合適的

D. attractive吸引人的

【劉凱老師詳解】考查形容詞。句意：鮑比盡最大努力練習投鐵餅，結果發現這些事情沒有挑戰性。根據So Bobby intended to try another more difficult event: two-mile race.鮑比選了更難的賽事，說明他覺得上面的練習沒有挑戰性。

15.A. enthusiasm熱情

B. generosity大方

C. achievement成就

D. cooperation合作

【劉凱老師詳解】考查名詞。句意：我欽佩鮑比答題技巧激情。根據I questioned whether the two-mile race was a good choice.鮑比選了更難的賽事，我欽佩他的熱情，但不知這是否是好的選擇。

16. A. worried擔心的

B. confused困惑的

C. determined決心的

D. hesitated猶豫的

【劉凱老師詳解】考查形容詞。句意：然而鮑比下定決心。for the following weeks, he painfully but___7___struggled through his workouts.雖然鍛鍊很痛苦，他仍然堅持著，這是很有決心的人。

17. A. cautiously謹慎地

B. proudly驕傲地

C. secretly秘密

D. diligently勤奮地

【劉凱老師詳解】考查副詞。句意：在接下來幾周，鮑比痛苦但是勤奮的掙扎著鍛鍊。he painfully but___7___struggled through his workouts.得知鮑比鍛鍊時很勤奮。

18.A. still仍然

B. already已經

C. ever曾經

D. rather相當

【劉凱老師詳解】考查副詞。句意：儘管其他選手已經跑完比賽，鮑比還有三圈才到終點。根據While all the other runners had already finished,得知其他人跑完了，鮑比還沒有跑完。

19. A. spare多餘的

B. remaining剩餘的

C. extra額外的

D. additional另外的

【劉凱老師詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當鮑比跑最後兩圈時，幾個其他隊的男孩子開始嘲笑他，喊著要他離開跑道。根據前面Bobby___8___had three laps to go.得知鮑比還剩幾圈沒跑完。

20. A. crying哭泣

B. throwing扔掉

C. shouting大喊

D. criticizing批評

【劉凱老師詳解】考查動詞。句意：當鮑比跑最後兩圈時，幾個其他隊的男孩子開始嘲笑他，喊著要他離開跑道。根據As several boys from the other teams started making fun of him and___10___at him to get off the track.得知其他隊的男孩嘲笑他，衝他喊叫，shout at somebody，衝某人喊。

21. A. pull拽開

B. assist幫助

C. drive開車

D. urge催促

【劉凱老師詳解】考查動詞。句意：這時我們隊成員注意到鮑比在哭著堅持上前給他加油。根據Our whole team lined up___12___the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby得知隊員上前給他加油。urge on加油鼓勁。

22. A. over上面

B. around周圍

C. with和

D. beyond超出

【劉凱老師詳解】考查介詞。句意：我們整個隊站在跑道邊給鮑比加油鼓掌。Our whole team lined up___12___the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears___13___down his face.跑道周邊站著，用around。

23.A. rolled滾動

B. paved鋪路

C. covered覆蓋

D. measured測量

【劉凱老師詳解】考查動詞。句意：我們整個隊站在跑道邊給鮑比加油鼓掌，鮑比眼淚順著臉頰滑落。Imagine a moving sight: Our whole team lined up___12___the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears___13___down his face.這是一個感人的場景，鮑比哭著堅持。

24. A. convincing確信

B. appreciating感激

C. competing競爭

D. encouraging鼓勵

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查動詞。句意：他一個賽事接著一個賽事給隊員們鼓勵。After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates.得知鮑比鼓勵隊友。

25.A. envied羨慕

B. loved熱愛

C. respected尊重

D. believed相信

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查動詞。句意：每個隊員都很愛鮑比，感覺隊裡有他很幸運。felt lucky to have him in the team.說明隊員們都很愛鮑比。

26.A. family家庭

B. organization組織

C. institution機構/建立

D. system體系

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查名詞。句意：鮑比加入了一個優秀的團體，讓它成為一個家庭。After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates.說明鮑比用行動讓整個團體像一個家庭一樣。

27. A. check out檢查

B. give off發出

C. walk off走開

D. carry out執行

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查動詞短語。句意：我見過很多優秀的選手在獲勝無望的情況下離開賽場。when they knew they weren't going to win a race.他們選擇離開跑道。

28. A. supposed認為

B. considered考慮

C. imagined想像

D. concerned關心

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查動詞。句意：相反鮑比從來不考慮離開兩公裡比賽。Bobby, on the contrary, never once___18___leaving that two-mile race.和前面優秀選手對比，鮑比從不考慮放棄。

29. A. proved證明

B. realized意識

C. discovered發現

D. started開始

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查動詞。句意：一旦鮑比開始，從不選擇退出。根據quitting was not an option.得知鮑比有恆心，開始了就不會放棄。

30. A. bravery勇敢

B. unity團結

C. perseverance毅力/堅持不懈/不屈不撓

D. devotion貢獻

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】考查名詞。句意：鮑比的例子告訴我們毅力的精神是自發的，我們應該珍惜它。Once he___19___, quitting was not an option.鮑比一直堅持賽跑，很有毅力/ p s v r ns/。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分40分）

第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。

A

Three Modern Services三個現代服務業

When you're working a full-time job, studying or on the hunt for work, life can feel exhausting. The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services, you'll find you have more time and energy for the things that matter.當你在做一份全職工作、學習或找工作時，生活可能會讓你感到疲憊。好消息是，現代技術在很多方面讓生活變得更容易，通過以下服務，你會發現你有更多的時間和精力去做重要的事情。

Meal kit delivery services

Meal kit delivery services are one of the most underestimated innovations of the 21st century. How they work is simple. At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household. Then, what your dietary requirements are, and any other preferences. Finally, you get to choose which meal kits will be delivered to your door.外賣服務是21世紀最被低估的創新之一。它們的工作原理很簡單。一開始，你要選擇家裡需要多少人吃飯。然後，你的飲食要求是什麼，還有其他的偏好。最後，你可以選擇送上門的套餐。

No matter your diet, you can have an appropriate meal kit delivered. For example, check out these low carb meal delivery options. The kit comes complete with all the ingredients you need, already prepared. All you have to do is to follow the simple recipe to put them together and pop your meal in the oven.無論你的飲食是什麼，你都可以有一個合適的套餐。例如，看看這些低碳水化合物的食物配送選擇。這個工具包裡有你需要的所有配料，已經準備好了。你所要做的就是按照簡單的食譜把它們放在一起，然後把你的飯放進烤箱裡。

With meal kit delivery, you don’t have to worry about cooking or spending money on takeout. Your trips to the grocery store will become easier and you'll waste less money and food.有了送餐包，你就不用擔心做飯或花錢叫外賣了。你去雜貨店會變得更容易，你會浪費更少的錢和食物。

Taskrabbit

One of the most frustrating aspects of having a place you call your own is that you have to take care of the maintenance(維修). Even if you are renting, there are certain tasks that your landlord will expect you to see to, whether a leaky tap or a problematic electrical appliance.擁有一個屬於你自己的地方，最令人沮喪的一點就是你必須負責維護。即使你是租房住，你的房東也會希望你處理一些特定的事情，比如漏水的水龍頭或有問題的電器。

For this, Taskrabbit connects you with freelancers who are willing to take on just about any task for you. You can hire someone to take care of your leaky tap rather than spending your own time and energy doing it. You're giving someone work while enjoying your time off.為此，Taskrabbit把你和願意為你承擔任何任務的自由職業者聯繫起來。你可以僱人來處理漏水的水龍頭，而不是花你自己的時間和精力去做。你在給別人工作的同時享受你的休息時間。

Postmates

Finally, one of the most convenient and useful services is, of course, Postmates. With Postmates, you can get just about anything delivered or deliver something yourself. You can get someone to do your groceries for you – simply make a list of what you need and choose whether the shopper should call you if something is out or if they can decide on replacements themselves.最後，最方便和有用的服務之一當然是Postmates。有了Postmates，您可以獲得幾乎所有交付的內容，也可以自己交付一些內容。你可以請人幫你買東西——簡單地列一個你需要的東西的清單，然後選擇如果東西壞了顧客應該打電話給你還是他們自己決定更換。

You can also use it for takeout, to send or receive documents, and any other delivery needs you have.

We live in an age of convenience, and we should take advantage of it. Start using the above services and you'll see your stress levels drop.

你也可以用它來叫外賣，發送或接收文件，以及其他你需要的遞送服務。

我們生活在一個便利的時代，我們應該好好利用它。開始使用以上服務，你會發現你的壓力水平下降了。

【答案】31. C；32. C；33. A；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了三款讓生活更便捷的現代科技發明。

31. What will people first do to enjoy Meal kit delivery services?

A. To check out some options.

B. To pop your meal in the oven.

C. To confirm the exact number of people.

D. To follow the simple recipe to put them together.

【31題詳解】細節理解題。根據Meal kit delivery services中At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household.得知餐盒遞送服務中你需要首先選擇多少人要在家裡就餐。要首先確認就餐人們的確切數量。

32. What do the three Modern Services have in common?這三種現代服務有什麼共同之處?

A. They can help people save money.

B. All the Modern Services are top-level.

C. They can make people easily enjoy their lives.

D. Young people show their preference for the three Modern Services.

【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services,得知本文介紹的三款科技發明都是提升生活水平，幫人們更容易享受生活的發明。

33. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from?這段話最有可能從哪裡來?

A. A magazine.B. A book review.書評/讀後感

C. A novel.D. A guidebook.

【33題詳解】推理判斷題。文章介紹三款現代科技發明，是節選自雜誌。不是書評、小說或導遊手冊。故選A。

【劉凱老師點睛】對於直接信息題此類題型，可以首先從問題中找到關鍵詞,然後以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細節，找到後再把這一部分內容仔細閱讀一遍，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節的細微區別，在準確理解細節的前提下，最後確定最佳答案。

例如:小題1問享受餐盒遞送服務首先做什麼?在文章中找到相關的句子,由第二段At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household.可知,需要首先選擇多少人要在家裡就餐,關鍵詞是At the beginning … , C選項To confirm the exact number of people.是對you choose how many people need to eat in your household.…的同義改寫，故選C。

B

Last summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window.去年夏天，凱蒂·斯特勒(Katie Steller)在明尼阿波利斯(Minneapolis)上班的路上離開了高速公路。她在一個紅綠燈前停了下來，那裡有一個男人坐在那裡，手裡拿著一個求助的牌子。她搖下車窗。

「Hey!」 she shouted. 「I’m driving around giving free haircuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?」

The man looked to be in his 60s. He was balding, and missing a few teeth. As Steller liked to tell the story, he laughed, then paused. 「Actually,」 he said, 「I have a funeral to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut.」

Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was finished, Edward looked in a mirror. 「I look good!」 he said.

Until last year, Steller had given such haircuts to people living on the margins(邊緣) around the city. She was keenly aware of the power of her cleanup job.

「It’s more than a haircut,」 she said. 「I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships.」

Steller knew that a haircut could change a life. One changed hers: As a teen, she suffered from a severe disease, her hair thinned drastically. Seeing this, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.

「To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,」 she said.

After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way she』d felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.

「Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely people looked,」 she said. 「I thought maybe I』d go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I can’t fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.」

It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. 「The way you show up in the world matters,」 said Steller. 「You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.」這一切都始於對簡單善舉的信念，比如免費理髮。「你在這個世界上的表現方式很重要，」斯特勒說。「你不知道人們會怎樣對待你給予他們的善意。」

【答案】34. B；35. D；36. C；37. A；

【劉凱老師解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。講述了凱蒂·斯泰勒在去明尼蘇達州工作的路上下了高速公路後給陌生人免費理髮傳遞善行的事跡。

34. How did Steller react to the man’s asking for help?斯特勒對這個人的求助有什麼反應?

A. She paid no attention.

B. She offered a free haircut to him.

C. She sent a red chair to him as a present.

D. She told an interesting story to make him happy.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】細節理解題。根據前兩段She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window. 「Hey!」 she shouted. 「I’m driving around giving free haircuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?」得知當陌生人求助時，凱蒂·斯泰勒提供免費給他理髮。

35. What did Steller mean by saying 「It’s more than a haircut」 in paragraph 6?在第6段中，Steller說「這不僅僅是理髮」是什麼意思?

A. She thought it was a respectable job.

B. She had found more advantages for the job.

C. She considered haircut as a way to make friends.

D. She hoped her job could make a difference to others.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】句意理解題。根據第6段she said. 「I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships.」得知凱蒂·斯泰勒想通過理髮和陌生人建立關係，給他人帶來影響。

36. What did Steller expect from Red Chair Project?斯特勒對紅椅項目有什麼期待?

A. To earn a lot of money.B. To know more people.

C. To pass down the kindness.D. To make herself stand out.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.得知凱蒂·斯泰勒的紅椅子項目旨在於通過自己的善行，其他人能夠傳遞善行。

37. What would bethe best titlefor the passage?這篇文章最好的標題是什麼?

A. A Cut Above.B. A Beautiful Salon.

C. The Good Belief.D. The Miracle of Love.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】主旨大意題。本文主要講述凱蒂·斯泰勒在去明尼蘇達州工作的路上下了高速公路後給陌生人免費理髮的事跡。A Cut Above.這個標題既和「剪髮」切題 ，又有「略勝一籌/更勝一籌」的用法。故選A。

【劉凱老師點睛】主旨大意題是篇章閱讀一個主要的考查方式，最佳標題（best title）是其一個典型的考點，也是高考閱讀中每年的必考題。主旨大意題解題技巧是不要被文章細節所幹擾。一般有兩種方式解題：一是看首尾段，根據首尾段內容總結主題思想；二是看每段段首句，根據所有段首句總結主題思想。例如本文中的第四題，這是一篇記敘文，根據文體特點可知，記敘文一般會在文章最後點名文章中心，所以由文章最後一段中的「「The way you show up in the world matters,」 said Steller. 「You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.」可知凱蒂·斯泰勒通過在去明尼蘇達州工作的路上下了高速公路後給陌生人免費理髮傳遞善行。且選項A中的cut與free haircut兩個關鍵詞都與故事情節緊密相關，故選A。

C

Why is poverty so difficult to overcome? Why are poorer people less likely to invest in their own learning and ability development, but more likely to be addicted to television and video games?為什麼貧困如此難以克服?為什麼窮人不太可能投資於自己的學習和能力發展，而更有可能沉迷於電視和視頻遊戲?

In the past, a poor person was normally considered to have bad character or have no ambition. Banerjee corrects such views and explains the economics behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, he said, so they need tools such as televisions, cell phones, junk food and video games to relieve worries more than others. But investment in learning often takes a long time to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more worrisome and boring.在過去，窮人通常被認為性格不好或沒有野心。班納吉糾正了這種觀點，並解釋了窮人背後的經濟原因。他說，窮人生活中往往有更多的煩惱，所以他們比其他人更需要電視、手機、垃圾食品和電子遊戲等工具來緩解煩惱。但是在學習上的投資往往需要很長時間才能得到回報，而窮人往往由於經濟原因而失去耐心，同時他們的生活也變得越來越令人擔憂和無聊。

That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time, or even more on health and medical care than the middle class group, but they tend to get bad effects. The reason is that the poor often lack the essential medical and healthy knowledge and they tend to get medical treatment when the disease has worsened to a certain stage. Besides, they tend to trust the doctors who 「give strong medicine」because they believe such doctors are the 「good」 ones. But in fact,「strong medicine」always leads to resistance to drugs and overtreatment. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage, and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation,so poverty gets 「inherited」.

When it comes to finance, Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow little and short-term loans while paying extremely high interest rates. It is also because the poor tend to take higher financial risks ----they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get working capital from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.

How could the poor step into the middle class? Maybe starting a business is a way out. But for the extremely poor, it's impossible to get the capital they need to start a business. In most cases, a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable, which give the poor the opportunities to be hired for the long term, to increase the range of their thinking and thus enabling families to move from poverty to the middle class.窮人怎麼能跨入中產階級呢?也許創業是一條出路。但對於極度貧困的人來說，他們不可能獲得創業所需的資金。在大多數情況下,一個更實際的選擇是找工作在政府機構,因為相對而言,政府工作很穩定的,這給這個可憐的長期被僱傭的機會,提高他們的思維,從而使家庭的範圍從貧困到中產階級。

Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it. Banerjee的研究為政府理解貧困提供了一個新的視角，從而使政策能夠被調整以減少貧困並最終消除貧困。

【答案】38. B；39. B；40. D；41. D；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是議論文。為什麼貧窮很難克服？班納吉從對窮人們在生活、健康和財務方面的研究三方面分析為政府提供了一個新的視角。

38. How do the poor deal with the issue of health?窮人如何處理健康問題?

A. They spend less money in preventing disease.

B. They focus more on the diseases than early prevention.他們更注重疾病而不是早期預防。

C. They usually think it essential to resist strong medicine.

D. They are willing to get free medical treatment from the government.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】細節理解題。根據第三段. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage「這種強調治療而非早期預防的態度給許多窮人帶來了更多的經濟壓力和身體傷害」,得知窮人們對待健康的方式是關注疾病而不是早期預防。

39. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that_______.從劃線的句子中，我們可以得知

A. poverty is produced by the poor

B. poverty is passed down by their parents

C. poverty has some bad effects on the poor

D. poverty causes people to bear more economic stress

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】句意猜測題。根據前句and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation,得知貧窮父母會影響下一代的教育，窮人家的孩子體質更差，在學校學習少。貧窮是可以遺傳的。【/ n'her t d/ adj.遺傳的；繼承權的；通過繼承得到的

v. 繼承；經遺傳而得（inherit的過去分詞）】

40. Banerjee considers it difficult to overcome poverty because________.班納吉認為克服貧困是困難的，因為

A. the poor have bad character or have no ambition

B. the poor prefer to invest in business rather than work

C. the government hasn’t taken proper and effective measure

D. the poor were troubled by their lives, health and finance窮人被他們的生活、健康和財政所困擾/ fa n ns; fa n ns; f n ns/ n.財政，財政學；金融；vt.負擔經費，供給…經費

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】細節理解題。根據第二段Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives,第三段That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time,第四段When it comes to finance, Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow little得知班納吉認為克服貧窮很難，因為窮人們在生活、健康和財務方面被困擾。

41. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The poor have attached importance to education.

B. The government can’t provide the jobs for the poor.

C. All the poor need to start a business for their survival.

D. Banerjee's research is helpful for the government to rid of poverty.Banerjee的研究有助於政府擺脫貧困。

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】推理判斷題。根據文章最後一段Banerjee's research provides a newperspectivefor governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it.得知班納吉的研究為政府提供了一個新的視角。可以推斷出班納吉的研究有助於政府來解決貧困。/p spekt v/

D

AI can identify rare genetic disorders

人工智慧可以識別罕見的遺傳疾病

People with genetic syndromes (基因遺傳綜合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural(神經的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.患有遺傳綜合症的人有時會有明顯的面部特徵，但當他們可能有數百種可能的情況時，利用這些特徵做出快速而廉價的診斷是很棘手的。一種分析人臉照片的新神經網絡可以幫助醫生縮小這種可能性。

Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt (形態)– or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.

They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.

Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突變) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.

「It’s clearly not perfect,」 says Gurovich. 「But it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.」

As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.

The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.

However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes.

「This is not fundamentally different information than we’re sharing walking down the street, or we’re happy to share with Facebook or Google,」 he says. 「But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status.

「The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,」 he says.「這裡的真正價值在於，對於一些極端罕見的疾病，診斷過程可能會持續許多、許多年。這種技術可以幫助縮小搜索範圍，然後通過檢查遺傳標記來確認，」他說。

For some diseases, this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.對於某些疾病，這種技術將縮短徹底診斷的時間。對另一些人來說，它可能會增加一種找到其他患有這種疾病的人的方法，進而幫助找到新的治療方法或治癒方法。

【答案】42. C；43. A；44. D；45. A；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了古羅維奇研究的新的神經網通過分析面部圖片幫助醫生縮小診斷範圍。實現人工智慧看臉識疾病。

42. What isthe purpose ofGurovich’s neural network?古羅維奇的神經網絡的目的是什麼?

A. To test the AI’s ability.

B. To analyze photographs of faces.

C. To help doctors reduce the range of thediagnosis./ da ɡ n s s/ n.診斷；幫助醫生縮小診斷範圍。

D. To research the overall impression of patients』 faces.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】推理判斷題。根據第一段A new neural(神經的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.得知古羅維奇研究的新的神經網通過分析面部圖片幫助醫生縮小診斷範圍。

43. What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring?深層格式塔有什麼缺點?

A. It will probably involve in the people’s privacy.這可能會涉及到人們的隱私。

B. It cannot provide information about health or disease.

C. The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate.

D. It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease.

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】細節理解題。根據第七段The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.「診斷是基於一張簡單的照片，這一事實引發了隱私問題。如果面部特徵可以揭示基因的細節，那麼僱主和保險公司原則上就可以秘密利用這些技術來歧視那些很可能患有某些疾病的人。」得知面部圖像識別的診斷會引起隱私問題。可以判斷出深度學習算法帶來的弊端是它會洩露人們的隱私。

44. What can we learn from the passage?我們能從這篇文章中學到什麼?

A. The result of the assessments for this system is perfect.

B. Deep Gestalt can correctly label 200 genetic syndromes.

C. It seems doubtful to use AI to distinguish genetic mutations.

D. This kind of technology can speed up the diagnostic process.這種技術可以加快診斷過程。

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,」 he says.得知原來診斷過程可能需要很多年完成，現在這種科技可以加速診斷進程。

45. What is the author’s attitude to this technique?作者對這種方法持什麼態度?

A. Supportive.支持的B. Puzzled.困惑的

C. Doubtful.懷疑的D. Negative.否定的

【劉凱老師詳解，獨家原創】推理判斷題。根據最後一段For some diseases, this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.得知對於某些疾病，這種技術可以縮短診斷時間，對於其他人來說，這可能會增加一種發現其他人也有這種疾病，反過來幫助找到新的治療方法，可以判斷出作者的態度是支持。

第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文後的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多餘選項。

The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water tounderprivilegedgroups and so on. /' nd ,privilid /自1992年以來，每年的3月22日為世界水日。每年都有不同的主題，比如清潔水在工作中的作用，停止浪費水的方法，為貧困群體提供水的方法等等。

___46_段首空__But it is also vital for sanitation(衛生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right.___47_段中空__These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.

Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people – often women and children – spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.___48_段中空__And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.

There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world.___49_段中空__But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.

___50段首空___We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. 我們應該支持慈善機構，提高意識，參加世界水日活動，這些活動正在世界各地發生，當然，在我們自己的生活中使用水的時候要小心。訪問聯合國世界水日網站，了解我們附近的活動。

Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.在社交媒體上關注世界水日，幫助傳播關於這個非常重要的問題的信息。

【答案】46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；

【劉凱老師解析】本文是說明文。自1992年3月22日起，每年都慶祝世界水日。

A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.

B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?

C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.

D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.

E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.

F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.

G. However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water.

【46題：劉凱老師獨家詳解】根據空前But it is also vital for sanitation(衛生).得知但是水在衛生方面也是至關重要的，說明前面在說水在什麼方面是重要的。選項A：乾淨的飲用水是基礎的切題。故選A。

【47題：劉凱老師獨家詳解】根據空後These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.【這些地區包括農村社區、因戰爭和地方衝突而流離失所的人以及氣候變化使水越來越少的地區。】包括偏遠地區，由於戰爭和當地衝突，氣候變化導致水奇缺。這裡在說世界上仍然有21億人沒有乾淨的水。故選G。

【48題：劉凱老師獨家詳解】根據空前This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.得知缺水地區的人們沒有時間工作學習，搜尋水是他們的主要工作。故選C。

【49題：劉凱老師獨家詳解】根據空前There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world.有許多慈善機構致力於為世界不同社區創造清潔水的可持續供應。世界有很多地方需要乾淨的水，得知這種工作需要持續和擴大範圍。故選D。

【50題：劉凱老師獨家詳解】根據空後We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events得知我們需要慈善，提升意識，參加世界水日的活動。這是對「作為個人，我們要做些什麼來幫助解決這個缺水的問題呢？」提問的回答。故選B。

第三部分書面表達（共兩節，35分）

第一節（15分）

51.假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華，你的美國朋友Jim對北京的歷史文化感興趣。你校暑假期間將為交換生組織「Knowing Beijing」遊覽活動，請你寫信邀請Jim來參加。內容包括：

1時間安排；

2活動內容；

3邀請參加。

注意：1．詞數不少於50；2．開頭和結尾已經給出，不計入總詞數。

Dear Jim,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jim，How is everything going? /How are you?/How are you doing recently?/How is it going recently?/How are you recently?/How is everything (going) with you lately?（首句寒暄問候）I'm writing to invite you to our activity-" Knowing Beijing "．We are going to organize the activity at school next Friday afternoon．We'll experience Chinese traditions，such as making dumplings，learning a dragon dance，drinking Chinese tea and so on．I hope we'll enjoy ourselves．I believe you can learn more about China and love Chinese traditional culture by having this kind of activity．I'm looking forward to your early reply．Yours，Xiao Hua

【劉凱老師解析】【分析】這一篇（介紹信+邀請信）應用文。

【劉凱老師詳解】根據提示可知,本篇為一封信;假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華，你的美國朋友Jim對北京的歷史文化感興趣。你校暑假期間將為交換生組織「Knowing Beijing」遊覽活動，請你寫信邀請Jim來參加。內容包括：1時間安排；2活動內容；3邀請參加。根據提示及關鍵詞(組)進行遣詞造句,注意主謂一致和時態問題。

【劉凱老師點睛】本文內容完整,語言規範,語篇連貫,詞數適當。作者在範文中使用了較多高級表達方式,如In the morning, we will go to The Forbidden City which used to be the imperial palace for the Ming and Qing 24emperors to live.定語從句的運用，I believe you can learn more about China and love Chinese traditional culture by having this kind of activity．中使用了賓語從句。全文中沒有中國式英語的句式,顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力。另外,文章思路清晰、層次分明，上下句轉換自然,為文章增色添彩。

第二節（20分）

52.假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。請根據以下四幅圖的先後順序，用英語寫一篇短文向校刊「英語園地」投稿，記述你班上周組織主題為「平安校園」法制教育系列活動的全過程。

注意：詞數不少於60。

提示詞：平安校園：Safe Campus；法律意識：legal awareness

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Last week ,our school organized an activity with the theme 「safe campus」which will make us aware that safety should always come first whatever we do.

At the class meeting, our teacher stressed the importance of safety at school.After that,,our PE teacher gave us a lecture.Accidents can happen easily at school. We searched the internet for related information .Besides, to reaise more students』leagal awareness,we made a poster.The next day,we went to the campus to find our demonstration .Back home,I shared what I had learned with my parents .

Through the experiene,I deeply realize the importance of safety at school.

【劉凱老師解析】【分析】本文屬於圖畫作文，根據圖畫內容寫一篇短文投稿。

【劉凱老師詳解】假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。請根據以下四幅圖的先後順序，用英語寫一篇短文向校刊「英語園地」投稿，記述你班上周組織主題為「平安校園」法制教育系列活動的全過程。

分析四幅圖可知，圖畫作文內容要點比較清晰，其中包括：老師宣布活動內容和意義，我參加平安校園活動的過程，介紹活動感受。這樣有利於學生寫作時發揮與擴展。全文分成三部分，開頭段概括活動，中間段描述圖畫，結尾段總結收穫和意義。文章用第一人稱來寫，使用一般過去時。

【劉凱老師點睛】本文內容完整，語言表述通順。使用了連接詞，銜接詞，使文章自然，流暢。文章使用了定語從句our school organized an activity with the theme 「safe campus」which will make us aware that safety should always come first whatever we do.還使用了Besides等過渡詞，使文章上下文銜接流暢。

劉凱老師介紹：

劉凱，男，蒙古族，黑龍江省齊齊哈爾人。本科為哈爾濱師範大學英語系，碩士為北京理工大學。美國亞利桑那大學訪問學者，澳大利亞新蘭威爾斯大學ESL研修。2018年加州理工學院語言學雙學位獲得者。

北京市優秀青年教師，北京市級重點高中示範校骨幹教師，多年高中一線執教經驗，高三年級把關教師，多次參與東城區模擬試題命題工作，教學理念先進，教學成果突出，多篇教學論文獲市區級獎項。

教育部課題研究員，參與國家十二五課題計劃，並作出突出貢獻，參與初中、高中各年級區級試題的命制，多次承擔區級和市級研究課任務。

北京市科技英語優秀指導教師，所帶學生在各級英語口語、作文競賽中多次獲獎；劉凱老師將紮實的英語基本功和嚴謹的學術思想作為教學的基礎，課堂上善於寓教於樂，信息量大，內容豐富，使學生在和諧的課堂氣氛下欣賞英語、享受英語、掌握英語、運用英語。

曾多次參加高考閱卷工作，參與人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各類高考教學用書的編寫工作，有豐富的備考經驗，國際核心期刊發表多篇論文。

2009-2012年期間，多次受邀在北京廣播電臺主持英語高考大綱解析及英語新課程改革節目，學術功底深厚，兼具偶像派與實力派特點，教風親切灑脫，詼諧幽默，思維開闊，屢有奇思妙想，善於引導學生學以致用，對高考動向把握極其準確，深受學生和家長歡迎。尤其擅長英語語法和單詞記憶法。

海外生活學習十年，社科人文類學科偏愛者；10年雅思教齡，多家知名機構教師培訓師；