與漢語有關的手勢語Gestures Related to Chinese

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手勢語是一種肢體語言、非語言交際。據統計，人類肢體語言多達700，000種，甚至有研究說人際交流的大約55％是肢體語言。Sign language is a body language and non-verbal communication. According to statistics, there are as many as 700,000 kinds of human body languages, and some studies even say that about 55% of interpersonal communication is body language.Let『s first recall some international accidents regarding gestures.1992年澳大利亞報紙出現一則驚人報導，題目是「美國總統侮辱澳大利亞人！」並有照片為證：布希總統對歡迎的人群做出手背向外的V手勢。在澳大利亞這可是在用髒話侮辱人啊，如同伸出中指罵人！Let『s first recall some international accidents regarding gestures.In 1992, a shocking report appeared in Australian newspaper, entitled "The President of the United States insults Australians!", evidenced with a photo: President Bush made a V gesture, hand back outward to welcoming crowd. In Australia, this gesture means insult with dirty words, just like middle finger stretched!還有一次，還是在澳大利亞機場，訪問結束後在回答澳大利亞總理對於澳大利亞印象時，來訪的美國總統竟然挑起拇指，不過突然意識到什麼，很快縮了回去，避免了一次外交尷尬。在澳大利亞這也是在用髒話侮辱人啊！On another occasion, still at Australian airport, at the end of the visit, when answering a question from Australian Prime Minister about his impression on Australia, the visiting US President surprisingly thumbed up, but suddenly he realized something wrong and quickly withdrew his thumb, so avoided a diplomatic embarrassment. In Australia this also means insult with dirty words!美國尼克森總統早年也曾在訪問巴西時，向歡迎人群揮舞雙臂並用雙手做出「OK」手勢。他的這一雙重侮辱動作激怒了當地人。在巴西，這個手勢的意思是「你們是狗屎」！When US President Nixon visited Brazil in early time, he waved his arms and made "OK" gestures with two hands to the welcoming crowd. His double insults angered the local people. In Brazil, this gesture means "you are shit"!可見了解手勢語是如此重要，特別是對於學習語言的學生，「入鄉隨俗」嘛！好，我們現在就來聊一聊與漢語有關的手勢語。Obviously it is so important to know well sign language, especially for language-learning students. So called "when in Rome, do as the Romans do"! Well, let's talk about gestures related to Chinese now.

現代的見面禮節是握手，但在中國還有一個傳統的「作揖」，即右手握拳，左手掌壓住右拳，意思是以真誠取代武器以示尊重；女子正相反，右手掌壓左拳。The modern greeting way is shaking hands, but in China there is also a traditional "fist-palm salute", that is, right hand forms a fist, left palm on the right fist, showing respect by replacing weapons with sincerity, while for women, the opposite is true, right palm on left fist.

也可以使用抱拳禮，即右手握拳，左手抱住右拳。特別是在中國傳統武術中。It is also possible to use clasped fist salute,, that is, right hand forms fist,  left hand holding fist, especially in traditional Chinese martial arts. During a pandemic, fist & palm salute is much safer than shaking hands.

兩手表示的數字手勢語 

Number gestures by both hands

中國的數字手勢語 Number gestures in China

二 中國的數字手勢語

Number Gestures in China

1 數字」0」：拇指與食指形成圓圈，其餘三指伸開，手心向外。  Number 「0」: Thumb and index finger form a circle, with other three fingers stretched out and palm outward.註：這在西方國家一般表示OK或廁所 。在法國也表示「零」或不值得的事情。在日本、緬甸、韓國表示錢。在泰國表示「沒問題」。在希臘、土耳其、巴西（拉丁美洲）、義大利的撒丁島則是下流動作。在中東有同性戀的含義或象徵「邪惡之眼」。在印度表示「正確」。在馬爾他表示咒罵。Note: In Western countries this generally means OK or toilet. In France it also means "zero" or unworthy things. In Japan, Myanmar, and South Korea it means money. In Thailand it means "no problem" . In Greece, Turkey, Brazil (Latin America), and Sardinia in Italy, it is a dirty gesture. In the Middle East, there is sense of homosexuality in it or it is symbol of "evil eye". In India it means "correctness". In Malta it means cursing.

  Number 「1」: Index finger upward.註：在日本、南朝鮮、菲律賓、斯裡蘭卡、印度尼西亞、沙烏地阿拉伯、墨西哥等國也表示數字1。在墨西哥、緬甸、日本、馬來西亞表示第一。在美國表示請稍等，也可能是指責、閉嘴的意思。在法國表示在課堂上學生想要回答問題。在新加坡表示所討論的事情最重要。在緬甸表示請求別人幫忙。在澳大利亞表示在酒吧、飯店裡「請來一杯啤酒」。在中東則是不禮貌的動作。Note: In countries such as Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico it also means 1. In Mexico, Myanmar, Japan, and Malaysia it means 「the fist」. In America, it means 「one moment」, and it may also mean 「blame」 or 「shut up」. In France, it means that students want to answer questions in class. In Singapore, it means something under discussion is the most important. In Burma, it means need of help. In Australia, it means "A glass of beer, please" in bars and restaurants. In the Middle East it is a rude gesture.  Number 「2」: index finger and middle finger extended in V-shape.註：在西方國家掌心向外的V手勢代表勝利，也稱為剪刀手，最早由比利時律師德.拉維雷用來蔑視納粹。在塞爾維亞表示「英雄氣概」。在荷蘭表示「自由」。
但是如果手背向外，在英國、愛爾蘭、澳大利亞、紐西蘭相當於伸出中指，表示嘲笑、侮辱，意思是「去你的」。不過在希臘則必須手背向外，手心向外則表示蔑視、侮辱。Note: In Western countries, the palm-outward V gesture means victory, also known as the scissors hand, first used by Belgian lawyer de La Vere to despise the Nazis. In Serbia it means "heroism". In the Netherlands it means "freedom".But if the back of the hand is turned outwards, in Britain, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand, it is like stretching the middle finger meaning ridicule and insult, that is to say, "up yours".In Greece, however, the back of the hand must be outward. If the palm is outward it means contempt and insult.

  Number 「3」: middle finger, ring finger and little finger extended.Note: In the West, extended index finger, middle finger and ring finger generally means 「3」.  Number 「4」: index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger extended.Note: Many people in China think this an unlucky number. Number 「5」: Five fingers stretched.註：在希臘、非洲和巴基斯坦這個意思是「去死吧」。在西方常用拇指代表5。Note: In Greece, Africa and Pakistan this means "go to die". In the West thumb often means 「5」.Number 「6」: Thumb and little finger stretched with other fingers bent.註：在一些國家稱為長角手勢。這在西方一些國家表示不滿、避邪、「戴綠帽子「。在非洲一些地區表示詛咒。在夏威夷叫做shaka手勢，主要表示友誼、感激、鼓勵。猶太民族認為6是不祥數字，「666」被稱為撒旦數字。 Note: In some countries it is called long-horn gesture. In some western countries this means discontent, avoid of evil, and "cuckolds" . In some parts of Africa it means curse. In Hawaii it is called shaka gesture, and it mainly means friendship, gratitude and encouragement. Jewish people think 6 an unlucky number, and "666" is called Satanic number.

         夏威夷shaka手勢 Shaka gesture in Hawaii

          「666」 撒旦數字 "666" Satanic number.8 數字」7」: 拇指、食指、中指並在一起，其餘各指彎曲。  Number 「7」: Thumb, index finger, and middle finger put together, other fingers bent.Note: In some countries it means something of insult.   Number 「8": Thumb and index finger stretched in right angle shape.註：在中國8是吉祥數字。在波蘭等歐美國家這代表2，不是8。Note: 8 is an auspicious number in China. In European and American countries such as Poland, it means 2, not 8. 10 數字」9」: 伸出食指彎曲成勾狀，其餘各指彎曲。  Number 「9」: Index finger Stretched and bent in hook shape, with other fingers bent.註：在日本表示偷竊。在泰國、新加坡、馬來西亞表示死亡。在墨西哥表示「錢」、數量、詢價。Note: In Japan, it means stealing. in Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia, it means death, and in Mexico it means "money", quantity and inquiry of price.  Index finger and middle finger kept crossedNote: In western countries it means blessing for good luck . In Vietnam It is indecent.

數字1、3、5、7、9手勢伸出的手指數量為奇數；數字2、4、6、8，10手指數量為偶數。

An odd number of fingers stretched for gestures of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9; an even number of fingers stretched for gestures of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.1 中國人常用食指尖指向自己的鼻頭（要小心不要指到眼睛上），意思是：「是我」。西方人會覺得可笑。 Chinese people often point the tip of index finger at the nose (be careful not to point to the eyes), which means "It's me". Westerners would find it ridiculous.Note: In the west, people rest right hand on the left chest.2 中國人輕拍肚子表示吃飽了（西方人可能誤認為是.）。 Chinese people pat stomach to show that they are full (Westerners may mistake it for ...).註：西方將手心向下放到咽喉處表示吃飽了，同時會說「已經到這兒了「（中國人可能誤認為是想不開）。Note: In the West, people put the palm downward to the throat to show that they are full, and at the same time they will say "here it is." (Chinese people may mistake it for ending the life). Chinese people often scratch head and suck in air when they are confused or embarrassed.Note: Westerners often shrug to express regret or helplessness.4 有人為自己倒茶或斟酒時，伸出一隻手或兩隻手放在杯子旁邊表示感謝。在中國南方一些地方，則用右手手指輕敲桌子以示感謝。When someone is serving tea or wine, put one or two hands beside the cup to express gratitude. In some places of southern China, express gratitude by tapping softly the table with right fingers.Chinese gestures with different meanings from other countries In China, "Nodding Yes and shaking head for No".在印度、斯裡蘭卡、保加利亞、尼泊爾、巴基斯坦、南斯拉夫，保加利亞和土耳其、希臘的部分地區等恰恰相反：」搖頭Yes點頭No」。In India, Sri Lanka, Bulgaria, Nepal, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Turkey, and parts of Greece, the opposite is true: "Shaking head for Yes and nodding for No."2 在中國觀眾鼓掌時演員或講話人也跟著鼓掌表示感謝，在西方被認為是不謙虛。In China, when audience applauds, the actors or speakers also applaud to express gratitude. In the West, this is considered not modest. Thumbs up for praise in China.在西方和日本伸出拇指代表數字5。在英國美國、法國、印度豎起拇指表示請求搭車（hitchhike）。在德國豎起拇指表示數字1。在日本表示「男人」、「您的父親」、「最高」。在韓國表示「首領」、「自己的父親」、「部長」、「隊長」。在墨西哥、荷蘭表示「祈禱」。在澳大利亞、義大利、希臘、、伊朗、奈及利亞，特別是水平伸出拇指表示侮辱。In the West and Japan, thumb means 5. In Britain, America, France, and India, thumbs up means hitchhike. Thumbs up in Germany means 1. In Japan, it means "man", "your father" and "supreme". In South Korea, it means "chief", "one’s own father", "minister", and "captain". In Mexico and the Netherlands it means "prayer". In Australia, Italy, Greece, Iran, and Nigeria, it means  insult, especially when thumbs up horizontally.

4 在中國食指輕敲太陽穴表示正在思考，英美人這樣作則表示「你真沒勁」、「沒意思」。In China, tapping temple with index finger means contemplating， while in Britain and America so doing means "you are really boring" and "no fun".5 在中國手心向下，不斷彎曲四個手指表示招呼對方過來。在美國很可能認為是再見的表示，轉身就走。在美國招呼人時手心向上。In China, beckoning by bending four fingers again and again, palm downward.In America, it may be regarded as saying goodbye, so the person will turn around and leave. In America, palm is upward when beckoning to someone.6 在中國年輕人有時伸舌頭表示不好意思。美國兒童這樣做是表示看不起。In China, young people sometimes show their embarrassment by sticking tongues out. American children do so to show contempt.7 中國人擺動伸開的五指表示勸對方不要做某事。英美人則擺動伸出的食指。Chinese wave five outstretched fingers to persuade someone not to do something. The British and Americans wave their outstretched index finger. In China stretched little finger means contempt.在日本伸出小指表示女人、戀人。在韓國表示妻子、女友。在菲律賓表示個矮、年輕或對方是小人物。在泰國、沙烏地阿拉伯表示朋友。在緬甸、印度表示要去廁所。在英國表示懦夫。在美國、韓國、奈及利亞還可以表示打賭。在美國則是向下伸出拇指表示不滿和反對。In Japan, little finger means a woman or a lover. In South Korea, it means wife and girlfriend. In the Philippines, it means short person, young person or unimportant person. In Thailand and Saudi Arabia it means friend. In Myanmar and India, it means toilet. In Britain it means coward. In America, South Korea, and Nigeria it means a bet. In America discontent and opposition is expressed by thumbs down.Gestures not found in ChinaShrug means helplessness.Both hands up means victory.Left hand put on the right chest means sincerity.Winking approval, especially in America.Tilting head to one side means greeting informally, especially in Britain.6 豎起食指放噘起的嘴唇上示意安靜。中國人僅發「噓」聲。Index finger up on pursed lips means require of being quiet. Chinese people only "hiss". Stretched middle finger means cursing (seldom seen in China).在美國，這是最具侮辱性的手勢，也叫做「flip someone off」或是「shoot the bird」。自從古羅馬中指就被稱為「輕浮的手指」。In America, it is the most insulting gesture, also called "flip someone off" or "shoot the bird". Since ancient Rome middle finger has been called "frivolous finger".

 Thumbs down means opposition.在英國、美國、菲律賓，表示拒絕或對方輸了。在墨西哥、法國表示「沒用」、「倒黴」。在泰國、緬甸、菲律賓、馬來西亞、印度尼西亞表示失敗。在澳大利亞表示嘲笑。在突尼西亞表示「倒水」、「停止」。In Britain, America, and the Philippines, it means refusal or other person loses. In Mexico and France it means "useless" and "unlucky". In Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia it means failure. In Australia it means ridiculing. In Tunisia it means "pour water" or "stop".9 「我愛你」手勢：伸出拇指和食指、小指，表示I Love You。"I Love You" gesture: Thumb, index finger and little finger stretched means I Love You.在手勢字母中小手指表示I，食指和拇指表示「L」(LOVE)，拇指和小指，表示「Y」(YOU)。 In gesture letters, little finger means I, index finger and thumb means "L" (LOVE), and thumb and little finger means "Y" (YOU).

10 搖滾手勢（重金屬手勢或金屬禮）（義大利語corna，稱為mano cornuta或犄角手勢，因為看上去像山羊角而得名）：食指與小指伸直，拇指壓住彎曲的中指和無名指。Rock On gesture (heavy metal gesture or metal salute) (Italian corna, called mano cornuta or horned hand, so named because it looks like goat horns): index finger and little finger stretched with the thumb on the bent middle finger and ring finger.

搖滾手勢起源於撒旦手勢（魔鬼手勢），在撒旦教也被稱為Satan Salute。這個手勢在波羅的海地區、巴西、哥倫比亞、義大利、西班牙、葡萄牙表示侮辱。Rock On gesture derived from Satanic gesture (the Horned Hands) , also known as Satan Salute in Satanism. This gesture means insult in the Baltic region, Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Spain, and Portugal.

Satannic Hand Sign 

撒旦的手語

詞語學習 Words to learn

1 手shǒu勢shì語yǔ gesture/sign language

2 肢zhī體tǐ語yǔ言yán body language

3 非fēi語yǔ言yán交jiāo際jì non-verbal communication

4 拇mǔ指zhǐ thumb

5 食shí指zhǐ index finger/forefinger

6 中zhōnɡ指zhǐ middle finger

7 無wú名mínɡ指zhǐ ring finger

8 小xiǎo指zhǐ small finger

9 手shǒu心xīn（手shǒu掌zhǎnɡ） palm

10 手shǒu背bèi back of hand

11 拳quán頭tóu fist

12 伸shēn出chū（伸shēn展zhǎn） extend/hold out/stretch out

13 彎wān曲qūbend

14 入rù鄉xiānɡ隨suí俗sú When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

15 握wò手shǒu shake hands with

16 拱ɡǒnɡ手shǒu禮lǐ fist-palm salute/Chinese Arching Hand Salute

17 作zuò揖yī make a bow with hands folded in front

18 聳sǒnɡ肩jiān shrug

19 眨zhǎ眼yǎn blink/wink

課後你在家裡做什麼？如果你有意參加HSK的話，楊老師有個建議，你可以訪問楊老師的漢語教學網站 jyangkul.net 的「漢語水平考試 HSK」欄目中的「考試資料HSK Materials」，在那裡楊老師已經放進去很多很多非常有用的HSK學習資料供你自學，從HSK一級到六級，包括「HSK標準教程」（課本、音頻、練習冊、PDF下載）等。祝大家學習進步！JYang has a warm suggestionWhat do you do after class at home? If you want to take HSK, Jyang has a suggestion. You may vist "考試資料 HSK Materials" in the "漢語水平考試 HSK" section of Jyang’s website jyangkul.net, where JYang has put a lot of very useful HSK learning materials for your self-study, from Level 1 to Level 6, including "HSK Standard Courses" (textbook, audio, workbook, PDF for download), etc. Have a great progress in learning Chinese! 

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