TST或IGRA結果呈陽性的高危人群患結核病風險較高
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/3/12 13:48:46
加拿大麥吉爾大學Dick Menzies研究團隊最近分析了結核菌素皮膚試驗陽性或幹擾素-γ釋放試驗陽性人群患結核病的風險。該項研究成果發表在2020年3月10日出版的《英國醫學雜誌》上。
為了確定初治的結核菌素皮膚試驗(TST)陽性或幹擾素-γ釋放試驗(IGRA)陽性或兩者兼有的結核病的年增長率,這些特徵常被認為會增加患結核病的風險,研究組對1990年1月1日至2019年5月17日Embase等大型資料庫中結核病抗原陽性(TST和/或IGRA)的研究進行了一項系統回顧和薈萃分析。
最終共納入122項研究。在三項一般人群研究中,33811名參與者中TST硬結≥10mm的結核病發生率為每1000人年0.3。在19個高危人群中,潛伏性肺結核感染的116197例陽性檢測結果中,發病率始終高於普通人群。
在所有類型的結核病接觸者中,IGRA結果陽性參與者的結核病發生率為每1000人年17.0,TST硬結≥5 mm陽性結果參與者的結核病發生率為每1000人年8.4。在HIV感染者中,IGRA結果陽性參與者的結核病發生率為每1000人年16.9,TST硬結≥5mm陽性結果的參與者為27.1。
移民、矽肺病或需要透析的人、移植??受者和囚犯的發病率也很高。在所有檢測中,幾乎所有風險組的檢測陽性與檢測陰性參與者之間的患病比率均顯著高於1.0。
總之,TST或IGRA結果呈陽性的高危人群,結核病發生率很高。該研究結果有助於指導臨床決策,以檢測和治療潛伏性結核感染。
附:英文原文
Title: Absolute risk of tuberculosis among untreated populations with a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay result: systematic review and meta-analysis
Author: Jonathon R Campbell, Nicholas Winters, Dick Menzies
Issue&Volume: 2020/03/10
Abstract: AbstractObjective To determine the annual rate of tuberculosis development after a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay result (IGRA), or both, among untreated populations with characteristics believed to increase the risk of tuberculosis (at risk populations).Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials from 1 January 1990 to 17 May 2019, for studies in humans published in English or French. Reference lists were reviewed.Eligibility criteria and data analysis Retrospective or prospective cohorts and randomised trials that included at least 10 untreated participants who tested positive to tuberculosis antigens (contained in TST or IGRA, or both) followed for at least 12 months. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, two reviewers independently extracted study data and assessed quality using a modified quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Data were pooled using random effects generalised linear mixed models.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was tuberculosis incidence per 1000 person years among untreated participants who tested positive (TST or IGRA, or both) in different at risk subgroups. Secondary outcomes were the cumulative incidence of tuberculosis and incidence rate ratios among participants with a positive test result for latent tuberculosis infection compared with those with a negative test result in at risk subgroups.Results 122 of 5166 identified studies were included. In three general population studies, the incidence of tuberculosis among 33811 participants with a TST induration of ≥10 mm was 0.3 (95% confidence interval 0.1 to 1.1) per 1000 person years. Among 116197 positive test results for latent tuberculosis infection in 19 different at risk populations, incidence rates were consistently higher than those in the general population. Among all types of tuberculosis contacts, the incidence of tuberculosis was 17.0 (95% confidence interval 12.9 to 22.4) per 1000 person years for participants with a positive IGRA result and 8.4 (5.6 to 12.6) per 1000 person years for participants with a positive TST result of ≥5 mm. Among people living with HIV, the incidence of tuberculosis was 16.9 (10.5 to 27.3) for participants with a positive IGRA result and 27.1 (15.0 to 49.0) for participants with a positive TST result of ≥5 mm. Rates were also high for immigrants, people with silicosis or requiring dialysis, transplant recipients, and prisoners. Incidence rate ratios among test positive versus test negative participants were significantly greater than 1.0 in almost all risk groups, for all tests.Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis is substantial in numerous at risk populations after a positive TST or IGRA result. The information from this review should help inform clinical decisions to test and treat for latent tuberculosis infection.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m549
Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m549