中性水環境中半胱氨酸肽的前生命化學合成及催化肽鍵形成
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/11/16 16:14:37
倫敦大學學院的Matthew W. Powner研究組在生命起源化學研究中取得進展,他們發現在中性水環境中利用前生命化學合成半胱氨酸肽並催化肽鍵形成是可能的。 該研究於2020年11月13日發表於《科學》。
在這篇研究中,團隊報導了一種高產率合成半胱氨酸肽的前生命化學合成方法。他們的仿生合成路線通過腈活化的脫氫丙氨酸合成,將絲氨酸轉化為半胱氨酸。研究人員還展示了N-乙醯半胱氨酸催化的肽鍵形成,即直接將動力學穩定但高能的α-氨基腈與蛋白質源的氨偶合。這一罕見的水中發生的高效選擇性有機催化反應意味著半胱氨酸既可以在肽的前生命化學合成中充當前體,也可以作為催化劑。
據介紹,多肽的生物合成是通過核糖體和其他幾種酶完成的,但生命起源之初的一批多肽可能是通過一些簡單的化學反應合成的。前生命起源的α-胺基酸的前體——α-氨基腈通常是通過Strecker反應合成的。然而,半胱氨酸的巰基胺基酸結構與腈類化合物不兼容。因此,半胱氨酸腈是不穩定的,這使得人們過去認為半胱氨酸是進化的產物,而不是來自前生命起源的化學反應。
附:英文原文
Title: Prebiotic synthesis of cysteine peptides that catalyze peptide ligation in neutral water
Author: Callum S. Foden, Saidul Islam, Christian Fernández-García, Leonardo Maugeri, Tom D. Sheppard, Matthew W. Powner
Issue&Volume: 2020/11/13
Abstract: Peptide biosynthesis is performed by ribosomes and several other classes of enzymes, but a simple chemical synthesis may have created the first peptides at the origins of life. α-Aminonitriles—prebiotic α–amino acid precursors—are generally produced by Strecker reactions. However, cysteine’s aminothiol is incompatible with nitriles. Consequently, cysteine nitrile is not stable, and cysteine has been proposed to be a product of evolution, not prebiotic chemistry. We now report a high-yielding, prebiotic synthesis of cysteine peptides. Our biomimetic pathway converts serine to cysteine by nitrile-activated dehydroalanine synthesis. We also demonstrate that N-acylcysteines catalyze peptide ligation, directly coupling kinetically stable—but energy-rich—α-amidonitriles to proteinogenic amines. This rare example of selective and efficient organocatalysis in water implicates cysteine as both catalyst and precursor in prebiotic peptide synthesis.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abd5680
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6518/865