2019年11月27日凌晨，網曝35歲的臺灣地區藝人高以翔錄製綜藝節目時暈倒並緊急送醫。截止上午11時，浙江新聞客戶端已經證實，高以翔搶救無效，遺憾離世。願逝者安息！
據悉，高以翔在錄製綜藝節目時發生意外，凌晨1:45左右在跑步過程中突然暈倒，現場進行十多分鐘的心肺復甦後，送到醫院搶救治療。
根據網上爆出的信息，高以翔摔倒後心肺復甦三分鐘都沒有醒過來，救護人員一直在喊有沒有心跳，心臟停了3分鐘，心肺復甦15分鐘。
節目組官方於今天中午12:23發聲明稱高以翔死因繫心源性猝死。
但大部分網友則質疑是節目設置問題，該節目運動強度很大，梅花樁、飛簷走壁、徒手爬高樓，還是深夜錄製，對參演嘉賓的體力消耗很大。
今天我們就一起來看一下運動員的心源性猝死。
An estimated 1 to 3 per 100,000 apparently healthy young athletes develop an abrupt-onset heart rhythm abnormality and die suddenly during exercise. Males are affected up to 10 times more often than females. Basketball and football players in the United States and soccerplayers in Europe may be at highest risk.
估計 1/200,000 的表面上健康的年輕運動員會出現運動過程中突然發作的心律異常和猝死。男性發病率高於女性 10 倍。美國的籃球和橄欖球運動員以及歐洲的足球運動員可能具有最高的風險。
Causes
原因
Generally, the causes of sudden death during exercise are very different in young athletes than in older athletes. However, in all athletes, asthma, heatstroke, and the use of performance-enhancing or recreational drugs may cause death due to sudden abnormal heart rhythms.
通常，年輕運動員與老年運動員在運動過程中出現猝死的病因明顯不同。然而，在所有運動員中，哮喘、中暑，以及應用提高成績的藥物或消遣性毒品可能會導致因突發心律失常而死亡。
Young athletes
年輕運動員
In young athletes, the most common cause ofsudden cardiac death is
年輕運動員心臟性猝死的最常見病因是
• Undetected, abnormal thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
• 心肌未被察覺的增厚（肥厚型心肌病）
Other heart disorders, such as long QTsyndrome or Brugada syndrome that cause abnormal heart rhythms, and aortic aneurysms may also cause sudden death in young athletes.
其他心臟疾病，如可引起心律異常的 QT 間期延長症候群或布魯格達氏症候群，和也可導致年輕運動員猝死的主動脈瘤。
Less commonly, undetected heart enlargement(dilated cardiomyopathy) may be present in a young person who has no symptoms, and the person may die suddenly during or after vigorous exercise.
更為少見的是，無症狀的年輕人可能存在未被發現的心臟增大（擴張型心肌病），而他們可能會在劇烈運動的過程中或劇烈運動後猝死。
Abnormalities of the coronary arteries(coronary artery disease), especially when one of the arteries takes an abnormal path through, rather than on top of, the heart muscle, may also cause sudden death in athletes when the compression cuts off blood flow to the heart during exercise.
冠狀動脈的異常，尤其是其中一根動脈具有異常通路，而不是位於心肌的頂部，也可能導致在運動過程中心肌的收縮會阻斷為心臟供血的血流引起運動員猝死。
Rarely, young, thin athletes may also have sudden heart rhythm disturbances if they experience a strong blow to the area directly over the heart (commotio cordis) even when they have no heart disorder. The blow often involves a fast-moving projectile such as a baseball, hockey puck, or lacrosse ball or impact with another player.
極少的情況下，年輕、瘦弱的運動員如果遭受心臟區域的直接撞擊（心震蕩），即使無心臟疾病，也可能會出現突發心律紊亂。撞擊常包括遭受移動迅速的拋射物的撞擊如棒球、冰球或長曲棍球，或與另一名運動員相撞。
Older athletes
老年運動員
In older athletes, the most common cause is
在老年運動員中，最常見的病因是
• Coronaryartery disease
• 冠狀動脈疾病
Occasionally, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or heart valve disease is a cause.
有時是由於肥厚型心肌病或心臟瓣膜病。
Symptoms
症狀
Some athletes have warning signs such as fainting or shortness of breath. Often, however, athletes do not recognize orreport these symptoms, and the first sign is that the person suddenly stops breathing and collapses.
一些運動員出現警示徵象，如暈厥或氣短。然而，通常，運動員不會意識到或報告這些症狀，首發徵象是突然停止呼吸和虛脫。
Diagnosis
診斷
• Screening before exercise participation
• 參加訓練前篩查
Screening
篩查
People are commonly screened by their doctor before starting an exercise program. Doctors screen people who have medical disorders and also those who do not think they have any medical disorders. People without known medical disorders should typically be checked because some serious disorders do not cause problems until people exercise. People in the United States are reevaluated every 2 years (if high school age) or every 4 years (if college age or older). In Europe, screening is repeated every 2 years no matter what the athlete's age.
在啟動訓練方案之前，通常由其醫生進行篩查。醫生會篩查存在醫學疾病的人群，也會篩查不認為自己存在任何醫學疾病的人群。應對無已知醫學疾病的人群進行檢查，因為一些嚴重的疾病不會引起任何問題，直至人們開始運動。應每 2 年進行重新評估（如果高中年齡）或每 4 年進行重新評估（如果大學年齡或以上）。
Doctors always ask people questions and do a physical examination, but they do testing only depending on the person's age and symptoms. Questions focus on three areas:
醫生常常詢問問題並進行體格檢查，但他們僅根據年齡和症狀進行其它檢查。問題聚焦於三個方面：
• Symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort, fainting or near-fainting, fatigue, and difficulty breathing, particularly when these symptoms occur during vigorous exercise
• 症狀例如胸痛或不適、昏迷或半昏迷、疲勞和呼吸困難，特別是在這些症狀出現在劇烈運動過程中時
• Family history, particularly any history of family members who fainted or died during exercise, or who died suddenly before about age 50
• 家族史，特別是存在家族成員在運動過程中暈倒或死亡的任何家族史，或存在家族成員在約 50 歲前猝死的家族史
• Use of drugs
• 藥物的應用
The physical examination focuses on listening to the heart with a stethoscope for heart murmurs that indicate a possible heart disorder and measuring blood pressure with the person lying down and again while the person is standing.
體檢著重於用聽診器聽取心臟雜音，這種心臟雜音提示可能存在心臟疾病，以及測量臥位血壓並在站立位時再次測量。
For younger people, doctors typically do not do any tests unless something abnormal is identified in the person's history or is found during the physical examination. Routine use of electrocardiography (ECG) screening of young athletes is not considered practical in the United States. However, if findings suggest a heart problem,doctors typically do ECG, echocardiography, or both.
對年輕人來說，醫生通常不會進行任何其它檢查，除非在病史中發現異常，或在體檢過程中發現異常。常規應用心電圖檢查 (ECG) 篩查年輕運動員並不現實。然而，如果檢查結果提示存在心臟問題，醫生通常會進行ECG、超聲心動圖檢查，或兩種檢查。
For people over age 35, doctors may also do ECG and exercise stress testing before approving vigorous exercise.
對於35周歲以上的人，醫生通常在批准劇烈運動前也常規進行 ECG 和運動負荷試驗檢查。
If a heart disorder is found, the personmay need to stop participating in competitive sports and undergo further testing. Some people with severe heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, should not participate in competitive sports. However, most people with heart disease may participate in noncompetitive sports. Increased activity is directly related to better health outcomes such as a decrease in "bad" cholesterol levels (low-density lipoproteins), prevention of high blood pressure, and reduction of body fat. Regular exercise is routinely included in care plans for people with most forms of heart disease (cardiac rehabilitation).
如果發現存在心臟疾病，可能需要停止參與競技運動，並接受進一步的檢查。然而，大多數心臟病人可以參與非競技運動。體力活動增加與更健康結果直接相關，如降低「壞」的膽固醇水平（低密度脂蛋白），預防高血壓，和減肥。通常大多數類型的心臟病（心臟康復）病人的護理計劃中包括定期鍛練。
Treatment
治療
• Resuscitation
If people stop breathing and collapse, immediate treatment is with
• 復甦
如果病人停止呼吸並虛脫，可應用下列方法即刻進行治療
• Cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR)
• 心肺復甦 (CPR)
• Use of an automated external defibrillator if available
• 如果有，應用體外自動除顫器
Resuscitation is continued in the emergency department. If the person survives, doctors treat the condition that caused the abnormal rhythm. Sometimes doctors place an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, which continually monitors the person's heart rhythm and delivers a shock to return the rhythm to normal if needed.
在急診科繼續進行復甦治療。如果病人甦醒，醫生會治療引起異常心律的疾病。有時醫生會手術置入埋藏式復律除顫器，它可持續監測病人的心臟節律並在需要時電擊病人使其恢復正常的心臟節律。
來源：MSD Manual Consumer Version, 如侵聯刪。