10 Interesting Clara Schumann Facts
關於克拉拉·舒曼的十件趣事
From CMUSE
German pianist and comoposer Clara Schumann (1819 – 1896) was a force to be reckoned with despite opting to settle for a career dominated by male composers and in spite of being married to her better-known husband Robert Schumann. Her career spanned decades, 61 years in concert to be exact, and she managed to win the highest praises and accolades for her unique musical style.
克拉拉・舒曼（Clara Schumann以下稱克拉拉）是德國著名鋼琴家與作曲家，儘管選擇了男性佔較大優勢的作曲職業，同時又嫁給了比她更有名氣的羅伯特・舒曼（Robert Schumann以下稱舒曼）在當時卻還是一股不可抵擋的力量。她的職業生涯橫跨了幾十年，確切地說應該是61年，並以獨特的音樂風格獲得最高榮譽。
Clara Schumann was sometimes referred to as the European Queen of the Piano as a result of her unique technical ability. Since she lived at a time when female composers of her caliber were extremely rare, she also holds a special place in history.
由於克拉拉·舒曼獨特的技巧能力，當時被稱為歐洲鋼琴女王。在那個時代和他程度相當的女作曲家極為罕見，因此克拉拉舒曼在歷史上佔有一個特殊位置。
Over the course of her long and successful career, she transformed the configuration and repertoire of piano and she left behind an impressive body of composition that is still enjoyed and performed today. Here are 10 interesting facts about the composer Clara Schumann:
在他漫長又成功的職業生涯中，改變了鋼琴的地位和曲目，更留下令人印相深刻的作品匯集至今仍然受歡迎和被演奏著。以下是10個有趣的事關於克拉拉舒曼：
Family life
家庭生活
Thanks to her accomplished father, Clara received an enviable education that enabled her to become one of the foremost women in piano in the 19th century. Long before she was even born, Clara’s future had already been determined by her successful and ambitious father Friederich Wieck.
多虧了父親的成就，克萊拉接受了令人羨慕的教育，使她成為19世紀鋼琴界最傑出的女性之一。早在克拉拉出生之前，她的前途就已經由她成功而雄心勃勃的父親弗裡德裡希·威克決定。
As such, Clara started receiving her training from very early on because her father had set a goal in place to make her a performing piano player of the highest rank. As a result, she had already started performing by the time she turned 9 under the guidance of her father.
因此，克拉拉從很早就開始接受訓練，因為她父親給她定了一個目標，讓她成為最高級別的鋼琴演奏家。因此在父親的指導下，9歲的時候她就已經開始演奏了。
Child prodigy
神童
Clara received an extraordinary musical education because her academic background was often relegated to the background. Her father would spend every waking minute supervising her formal training in both theory and composition, which started after her 5th birthday.
克拉拉接受了非常嚴格的音樂教育，因為她的學歷經常被人忽略。（譯者註：relegated to the background譯為束之高閣，這裡有更好的翻譯望後臺指正）五歲生日之後她父親不浪費任何一分鐘監督她正規的理論和作曲訓練。
When she was 11, Clara made her first professional debut in a solo recital in Leipzig. The critics in attendance had nothing but positive to say about her work. Owing to her success, she went on a European tour in 1835, where she acquired the title of a child prodigy.
11歲時，克拉拉在萊比錫首演個人獨奏會，出席的樂評們對她的演出只有讚賞。由於她的成功，1835年開始了歐洲巡演，也因此獲得神童的稱號。
Clara and Robert Schumann
克拉拉和舒曼
Well known and respected composer Robert Schumann would have found it difficult to realize the amount of success that he did without the assistance of his wife Clara. Clara and Robert met when she was only eight years old while performing at the home of Dr. Ernst Carus, but their friendship did not develop into love until Clara was a highly regarded pianist. As it so happened, Friederich Wieck, was also Robert’s teacher.
著名而受人尊敬的作曲家羅伯特·舒曼會發現，如果沒有妻子克拉拉的幫助，他很難取得的如此巨大的成功。克拉拉和舒曼相識時，她才八歲，當時她在恩斯特·卡魯斯醫生家裡表演，但他們的友誼並沒有發展成愛情，直到克拉拉是一位備受重視的鋼琴家。就這樣，弗裡德裡克·維克（Friederich Wieck）也是羅伯特·舒曼的老師。
Wieck was deathly opposed to their relationship as Robert was still a penniless composer at that time. Fortunately, after years of pining for each other, the two got married in 1840. Clara inspired her husband on many levels and encouraged him to expand his range. When he injured his hand, Clara was responsible for performing a lot of his pieces that were made for piano.
維克堅決反對他們的關係，因為當時舒曼仍然是一位身無分文的作曲家。幸運的是，經過多年對彼此的渴望，他倆終於在1840年結婚了。克拉拉在很多層面上鼓舞了她的丈夫，並鼓勵他施展才能。當他傷了手時，克拉拉負責演奏他為鋼琴而作的許多作品。
Taking Wieck to court
把維克告上法庭
When Clara’s father Wieck took note of the blossoming relationship between Robert and his daughter, he flew into a blind rage and forbade Clara to communicate with Robert ever again. Wieck did everything he could to keep them apart including threatening to shoot Robert, as well as threatening to end Clara’s career.
當克拉拉的父親維克注意到羅伯特和他女兒之間發展的關係時，他勃然大怒並禁止克拉拉再和舒曼通信。維克竭盡全力讓他們分開，還威脅要射殺羅舒曼，以及威脅要結束克拉拉的職業生涯。
The couple remained apart for 18 months until Clara turned 18, upon which Robert asked for her hand; Wieck refused. What followed was a three year long battle between the couple and Clara’s father. Eventually, the couple took their case to court and although legal proceeding lasted for months, on August 1, 1840, the court allowed them to get married without Wieck’s consent.
這對情侶分開了18個月，直到克拉拉18歲，舒曼向她求婚，Wieck拒絕了。接下來是這對情侶和克拉拉的父親長達三年的戰鬥。最終，他們向法院提起訴訟，儘管法律訴訟持續了幾個月，1840年8月1日，法院允許他們未經威克同意結婚。
Sacrificed her career greatly
犧牲了她的事業
After getting married, the couple moved around for a bit before settling down in Dusseldorf in 1850. Although she was happy, she found it difficult to play or performing because Robert would demand complete silence when composing. Women were still expected to support their husbands and do as they are told during these days; as a result, her piano playing fell behind and despite her first-rate musical upbringing.
結婚後他們還沒安定，一直到1850年定居在杜塞道夫（Dusseldorf）。雖然他很快樂，但她很難再彈奏或表演，因為舒曼要求在作曲時完全的安靜。當時人們仍然希望婦女能養活丈夫，照他們的吩咐去做；結果，儘管她從小受到一流的音樂教育她的鋼琴演奏還是退步了。
Wonder woman
令人欽佩的女人
A huge portion of Clara’s time was spent handling the domestic duties and taking care of her family. In the 14 years that they were together, Robert and Clara managed to get pregnant 10 times and have 8 children namely Marie, Elise, Julie, Emil, Ludwig, Ferdinand, Eugenie, and Felix.
克拉拉的大部分時間用來處理家務和照顧家人。在他們共同生活的14年中，羅伯特和克拉拉懷孕了10次，生了8個孩子為瑪麗、伊麗絲、朱莉、埃米爾、路德維希、費迪南、尤金妮和費利克斯。
Although she had to endure multiple pregnancies and motherhood, Clara still continued to perform, playing 139 public concerts in the period between 1840 and 1854 across the world.
儘管她不得不忍受多次懷孕和當母親，克拉拉仍然繼續表演，在1840年至1854年間在世界各地舉辦了139場公共音樂會。
She often doubted herself
經常懷疑自己
Although Clara’s works were very well received by performers and composers alike, she seemed to have little confidence in her creative ability. She often wrote in her diaries and letters that because society believed that women should not compose, she found it difficult to believe that she had creative talent despite her husband’s and father’s encouragement.
儘管克拉拉的作品深受演奏家和作曲家的歡迎，但她似乎對自己的創作能力缺乏信心。她經常在日記和信中寫道，由於社會認為婦女不應該作曲，她發現很難相信自己有創造力，儘管她丈夫和父親鼓勵她去創作。
Famous works
著名的作品
Throughout her life, Clara created 66 pieces including works for 20 pieces for solo piano, 4 for orchestra and piano, 29 songs, and cadenzas for piano concertos. She also traveled for numerous concert tours in various parts of Europe and England.
克拉拉一生創作了66首作品，包括20首鋼琴獨奏曲、4首管弦樂和鋼琴曲、29首歌曲和鋼琴協奏曲的華彩曲。她還多次在歐洲和英國各地巡迴演出。
She was also a respected teacher especially in her later years where she taught mainly at home. She is best known for Piano Trio in G Minor (1846), Drei Romanzen (1853), and Liebesfrühling (Love’s Spring), 1841.
她也是一位受人尊敬的老師，尤其是晚年，她主要在家裡教書。她最著名的作品是《Piano Trio in G Minor 》（1846）、《Drei Romanzen》（1853）和《Liebesfrühling》（Love’s Spring）（1841）。
Performing from memory
背譜演奏
Clara was one of the only musicians from her time to perform music from memory. Before the 19th century, playing or performing publicly without the score was considered arrogant. Clara felt that playing from memory and heart allowed her to feel the music more powerfully.
克拉拉是當時唯一背譜演奏的音樂家。十九世紀以前，背譜演奏被認為是傲慢的。克拉拉覺得背譜演奏讓她感覺音樂更有力。
As the classical music continued to develop era after era, more and more teachers would start encouraging their students to memorize their scores.
隨著古典音樂的不斷發展，越來越多的教師開始鼓勵學生記憶他們的樂譜。
Famous friends
名人朋友
It is a well-known fact that Clara’s husband Robert suffered from serious mental issues that caused him to eventually attempt suicide in 1854. While Robert was in a sanatorium recovering in Endenich, Clara was not allowed to see him for the 2 and a half years that he was confined there.
眾所周知，克拉拉的丈夫舒曼患有嚴重的精神問題，導致他最終在1854年試圖自殺。當舒曼在Endenich的療養院康復時，被囚禁在那裡的2年半裡克拉拉一直不被允許見他。
During this time, she developed close bonds with other musicians such as the singers Pauline Viardot and Jenny Lin, violinist Joseph Joachim, composers Felix Mendelssohn and Johannes Brahms. She developed a particularly close bond with Brahms and there are even rumors that the two even became involved in a secret love affair.
在此期間，她與其他音樂家發展了緊密的聯繫，如歌手寶琳·維阿多特和珍妮·林，小提琴家約瑟夫·約阿希姆，作曲家菲利克斯·孟德爾頌和約翰內斯·勃拉姆斯。她與勃拉姆斯關係特別密切，甚至有傳言說這兩人有一段秘密的愛情。
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