7月20日,Cell雜誌在線報導,革蘭氏陰性菌感染通過TRIF信號途徑激活NLRP3炎症小體,誘導炎症反應。
由於可引發"敗血症症候群",一種全身性難以控制的炎症反應,革蘭氏陰性菌全身性感染以高死亡率著稱。雖然大家公認革蘭氏陰性細菌感染的免疫反應始於Toll樣受體4對內毒素的識別,但革蘭氏陰性菌血症過程中發生的炎症反應的分子機制仍不清楚。
本研究揭示了一個TRIF(含TIR結構域的誘導β-幹擾素適配器,是一類可響應激活的Toll樣受體的適配器)信號途徑。所有革蘭氏陰性菌均通過這一途徑激活NLRP3炎症小體(NLRP3是PRR大家族中Nod樣受體亞家族成員之一,在激活之後能夠通過與接頭蛋白相互作用,活化半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(caspase-1),形成蛋白複合物"炎症小體")。
通過TRIF,革蘭氏陰性菌激活caspase-11。 TRIF通過I型幹擾素的信號激活caspase-11,是caspase-11誘導和自我激活必要充分條件。 Caspase-11隨後與組裝好的NLRP3炎症小體協同調節caspase-1的激活,並導致不依賴於caspase-1的細胞死亡。這些事件尤其是發生在革蘭氏陰性菌,而不是革蘭氏陽性菌感染的情況下。
證實TRIF對caspase-11的調節作用突出表明,在革蘭氏陰性細菌感染時,作為炎症小體的主要調節者,Toll樣受體發揮重要作用。(生物谷bioon.com)
TRIF Licenses Caspase-11-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Gram-Negative Bacteria
Vijay A.K. Rathinam, Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja, Lisa Waggoner, Anna Sokolovska, Christine Becker, Lynda M. Stuart, John M. Leong, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
Systemic infections with Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by high mortality rates due to the sepsis syndrome, a widespread and uncontrolled inflammatory response. Though it is well recognized that the immune response during Gram-negative bacterial infection is initiated after the recognition of endotoxin by Toll-like receptor 4, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental inflammatory response during Gram-negative bacteremia remain poorly defined. Here, we identify a TRIF pathway that licenses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by all Gram-negative bacteria. By engaging TRIF, Gram-negative bacteria activate caspase-11. TRIF activates caspase-11 via type I IFN signaling, an event that is both necessary and sufficient for caspase-11 induction and autoactivation. Caspase-11 subsequently synergizes with the assembled NLRP3 inflammasome to regulate caspase-1 activation and leads to caspase-1-independent cell death. These events occur specifically during infection with Gram-negative, but not Gram-positive, bacteria. The identification of TRIF as a regulator of caspase-11 underscores the importance of TLRs as master regulators of inflammasomes during Gram-negative bacterial infection.