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Spinal Stenosis
椎管狹窄
Overview(概述)
The spinal column contains open spaces that create passageways for the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of (or an intrusion into) these openings. This can cause a compression of the nerves. Spinal stenosis most commonly affects the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine.
脊柱上有開放空間供脊髓和脊神經通行。這些空間的狹窄或受到妨礙就形成椎管狹窄,並會壓迫神經。椎管狹窄最容易發生在頸椎和腰椎。
Anatomy(解剖)
Each vertebra has a large opening at the rear called the spinal canal. In the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine, the spinal cord travels through this space. In the lumbar region of the spine, this opening contains a bundle of nerve roots. Openings called foramina branch away from the spinal canal. These spaces provide pathways for the nerve roots that travel from the spine to other parts of the body.
每個脊椎骨在後方有個大孔稱為椎管。在頸椎和胸椎,有脊髓在這孔裡通過。在腰椎,這個孔裡有一束神經根。稱為椎間孔的開口從椎管分岔,是神經根從脊柱分布到身體的其它部位的通道。
Stenosis(椎管狹窄)
In a spine with stenosis, one or more of these openings are narrowed. The spinal nerves can become compressed against the vertebral bone. This can interfere with nerve function. It can cause pain in the spine or in other parts of the body.
患椎管狹窄時,這些開口一處或多處狹窄。脊椎骨會壓迫脊神經,影響神經的功能。會引起脊柱或身體其它部位的疼痛。
Causes(原因)
Stenosis is commonly caused by an excess growth of bone around the spinal nerves. This excess bone growth often results from osteoarthritis. Stenosis can also result from a dislocation or a fracture of the vertebral bone. Stenosis can be caused by soft tissue intruding into the spine's open spaces. Herniated discs, tumors, and thickened spinal ligaments can press against the spinal nerves. And in some cases, a person is born with a small spinal canal that does not provide enough room for the spinal nerves.
椎管狹窄通常由脊神經周圍骨質增生引起。骨關節炎會引起骨質增生。脊椎骨的脫位或骨折也會引起椎管狹窄。周圍軟組織突入椎管,也會造成椎管狹窄。椎間盤突出、腫瘤、脊柱韌帶增厚會壓迫脊神經。有時,有些人天生椎管就小,脊神經沒有足夠的空間。
Symptoms(症狀)
Symptoms of spinal stenosis can vary depending on the location and severity of the problem. Spinal stenosis can cause pain, weakness, numbness and tingling in the arms and legs. Spinal stenosis in the lower back commonly causes sciatica, a sensation of burning pain that can travel through the buttocks and down the legs. Spinal stenosis can also cause problems with control of the bladder and bowels.
根據狹窄部位和嚴重程度,椎管狹窄的症狀各不相同。椎管狹窄會引起胳膊和腿的疼痛、無力、麻木和針刺感。腰椎的椎管狹窄往往引起坐骨神經痛,從臀部到腿上會有灼痛感。椎管狹窄也會引起大小便控制困難。
Treatment(治療)
Treatment options for spinal stenosis may include anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants and medications to relieve pain. Steroid injections may be beneficial. A physician may also recommend physical therapy. If these methods are not effective, surgery may be needed to eliminate pressure on the nerves.
椎管狹窄的治療措施包括消炎藥、肌松藥及止痛藥。類固醇激素注射可能有效。醫生也會推薦物理治療。如果這些方法無效,可能需要手術解除神經的壓迫。
(胡佰文 譯)
相關閱讀:
骨科疾病早知道012:椎管狹窄(Spinal Stenosis)
骨科小病不求醫099:腰椎管狹窄(Stenosis - Lumbar)
英漢對照骨科患者指南023:腰椎管狹窄症(上)
英漢對照骨科患者指南024:腰椎管狹窄症(下)
中英文字幕:胸椎椎管狹窄(Spinal Stenosis,Thoracic)
中英文字幕:頸椎椎管狹窄(Spinal Stenosis,Cervical)
中英文字幕:脊柱感染( Spinal Infection)
中英文字幕:腰椎融合術(Spinal Fusion ,Lumbar)
中英文字幕:脊柱硬膜外膿腫(Spinal Epidural Abscess)
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中英文字幕:骶髂關節類固醇注射(Sacroiliac Joint Steroid Injection)
中英文字幕:骶髂關節痛(Sacroiliac Joint Pain)
中英文字幕:腰椎關節突神經射頻消融(Radiofrequency Neurotomy of the Lumbar Facets)
中英文字幕:Racz馬尾神經松解術(RACZ Caudal Neurolysis)
中英文字幕:椎板切除術後症候群(Post-Laminectomy Syndrome)
中英文字幕:後路腰椎椎體間融合術(Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
中英文字幕:經皮雷射椎間盤成形術(Percutaneous Laser Discoplasty)
中英文字幕:經皮椎間盤髓核成形術(Percutaneous Disc Nucleoplasty)
中英文字幕:經皮頸椎間盤髓核成形術(Percutaneous Cervical Disc Nucleoplasty)
中英文字幕:經皮椎間盤減壓術( Percutaneous Disc Decompression)
中英文字幕:病人自控硬膜外鎮痛(Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia)
中英文字幕:骨質疏鬆症(Osteoporosis)
中英文字幕:骨質疏鬆症篩查(Osteoporosis Screening)
中英文字幕:枕頸固定(Occipito-CervicalFixation, OC Fusion)
中英文字幕:YESS選擇性內鏡下椎間盤摘除術(YESS Selective Endoscopic Discectomy™)
中英文字幕:脊柱側彎(Scoliosis)
中英文字幕:脊髓病變(Myelopathy)
中英文字幕:微創經椎間孔腰椎椎體間融合術(Mis-TLIF)
中英文字幕:脊髓造影術(Myelography,Myelogram)
中英文字幕:背部肌肉扭傷(Muscle Strain of the Upper Back)
中英文字幕:微創腰椎顯微減壓術(Minimally-Invasive Lumbar Microdecompression)
中英文字幕:Mild手術(Mild®Procedure ,Vertos Medical)
中英文字幕:顯微內鏡下後路頸椎間盤切除術( Posterior Cervical MED)
中英文字幕:顯微內鏡下椎間盤切除術(Micro Endoscopic Discectomy)
中英文字幕:脊柱轉移癌(Metastatic Cancer of the Spine)
中英文字幕:內側支阻滯(Medial Branch Block)
中英文字幕:頸椎內側支神經阻滯(Medial Branch Block,Cervical)
中英文字幕:腰椎經椎間孔硬膜外類固醇注射(Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injection)
中英文字幕:腰交感神經阻滯(Lumbar Sympathetic Block)
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中英文字幕:腰椎椎弓根螺釘內固定(Lumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation)
中英文字幕:腰椎椎體間融合(Lumbar Inter-Body Fusion)
中英文字幕:腰椎硬膜外激素注射(Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection)
中英文字幕:腰椎硬膜外注射(Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection,without contrast)
中英文字幕:腰椎椎間盤鏡下髓核摘除術(Lumbar Discoscopic Discectomy)
中英文字幕:腰椎間盤顯微手術(Lumbar Disc Microsurgery)
中英文字幕:腰椎椎體次全切除術(Lumbar Corpectomy)
中英文字幕:頸椎椎板切除融合術(Cervical Laminectomy with Fusion)
中英文字幕:椎板切除術(Laminectomy)
中英文字幕:頸椎椎板切除術(Laminectomy,Cervical)
中英文字幕:駝背(Kyphosis)
中英文字幕:球囊擴張椎體後凸成形術(Kyphoplasty Balloon Vertebroplasty)
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中英文字幕:椎間盤內電熱療法(Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy,IDET)
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中英文字幕:頸椎間盤突出(Herniated Disc,Cervical)
中英文字幕:透視引導下梨狀肌封閉(Fluoroscopic Guided Piriformis Injection)
中英文字幕:髂筋膜封閉(Fascia Iliaca Block)
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中英文字幕:頸椎硬膜外類固醇注射(Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection)
中英文字幕:人工頸椎間盤置換術(Artificial Cervical Disc Replacement,Prestige®)
中英文字幕:人工頸椎間盤置換術(Artificial Cervical Disc Replacement (PCM®))
中英文字幕:人工頸椎間盤置換術(Artificial Cervical Disc Replacement (Mobi-C®))
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中英文字幕:使用椎間融合器的ACDF(Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion )
中英文字幕:頸前路椎間盤切除融合術(ACDF)
中英文字幕:頸前路椎體次切術(Anterior Cervical Corpectomy)
中英文字幕:頸前路椎體次全切植骨Anterior Cervical Corpectomy (Bone Graft)
中英文字幕:脊柱的解剖(Anatomy of the Spine)
中英文字幕:使用植骨和金屬接骨板的前路腰椎椎間融合術(Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
中英文字幕:前路腰椎椎間融合術(使用植塊骨和椎弓根螺釘)Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
中英文字幕:前路腰椎椎間融合術(Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
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