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Digital Mucous Cysts
手指黏液囊腫
Overview（概述）
A mucous cyst is a small, fluid-filled sac that forms on the back of the finger near the base of the fingernail. It is a form of ganglion cyst that erupts from the capsule of the joint at the end of the finger, called the DIP joint. The cyst is attached to the joint capsule by a "stalk" that allows fluid to move into the cyst from the joint. Mucous cysts most commonly affect the index finger of the dominant hand.
黏液囊腫是在手指背面靠近指甲根部形成一種小的充滿液體的囊。它是腱鞘囊腫的一種形式，從手指末端關節（遠側指間關節）的關節囊發出。囊腫是通過一個「蒂」附著在關節囊上的，液體可通過這個「蒂」從關節內流入囊腫。黏液囊腫最常累及優勢手的食指。
Cause（原因）
Mucous cysts are caused by joint synovitis or arthritis at the DIP joint of the finger. It is believed that a weakness in the capsule leads to the formation of the cyst. Although cysts usually develop slowly, they can appear quite rapidly as well.
黏液囊腫由手指遠側指間關節的滑膜炎或關節炎引起。一般認為，關節囊上存在薄弱點導致囊腫的形成。雖然囊腫往往發展緩慢，但它們也可能很快就出現。
Symptoms（症狀）
A mucous cyst appears as a visible bump under the skin. If it occurs near the nailbed, it may cause a groove to develop in the fingernail. A mucous cyst is typically not painful, but if it is repeatedly rubbed or bumped, the skin that covers the cyst may become irritated. Additionally, the arthritic or inflamed joint may cause discomfort. The skin that covers the cyst may become very thin and may rupture, resulting in drainage of a clear, jelly-like fluid. Because the cyst is connected to the joint, there is a risk of severe joint infection if the ruptured cyst becomes infected.
黏液囊腫表現為皮下能看見的腫塊。如果發生在甲床附近，可能會在指甲上造成凹槽。黏液囊腫通常不痛，但如果反覆擦拭或撞擊，覆蓋囊腫的皮膚可能發炎。此外，關節炎或關節炎症可能會導致不適。覆蓋囊腫的皮膚可能變得非常薄並可能破裂，導致一種透明的果凍狀液體排出。因為囊腫連接到關節，如果破裂的囊腫感染，就有嚴重的關節感染的風險。
Diagnosis（診斷）
Diagnosis of a mucous cyst involves x-rays, which are used to assess the condition of the joint and the severity of any underlying arthritis or synovitis. In many cases, bone spurs have formed on the top of the joint near the cyst.
黏液囊腫的診斷包括X射線，用來評估關節狀況和任何潛在的關節炎或滑膜炎的嚴重程度。在許多情況下，在囊腫的附件關節的頂部會形成骨刺。
Treatment（治療）
In many cases, mucous cysts do not need treatment. Small cysts that don't cause any problems may be treated with aspiration and a steroid medication. In more severe cases where the skin is thin and at risk of rupture, the cyst has become very large or painful, or the nail has become significantly deformed, surgical excision and joint debridement may be recommended.
在許多情況下，黏液囊腫不需要治療。不引起任何麻煩的小囊腫可以用抽吸和類固醇藥物治療。在更嚴重的情況下，例如皮膚較薄並有破裂危險，囊腫變得非常大或疼痛，或者指甲變得明顯變形，可以推薦手術切除和關節清理。
（胡佰文 譯）
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