中英文字幕:膝關節解剖(Anatomy of the Knee)

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Anatomy of the Knee

膝關節解剖

Overview（概述）

The knee is the body's largest joint. It's the place where three bones meet: the tibia, the femur and the patella. The knee is a "hinge" joint. It allows the leg to bend in one direction only. Let's take a closer look at the main parts of the knee's anatomy.

      膝關節是人體最大的關節。此處有三塊骨頭相連：脛骨、股骨、髕骨。膝關節是「絞鏈」關節，只允許腿在一個方向彎曲。讓我們來深入觀察膝關節各個主要部分的解剖。

 

Bones（骨）

The base of the knee is formed by the tibia. This bone, also called the "shinbone," is the large bone of the lower leg. The smaller bone of the lower leg, called the "fibula," connects to the tibia just below the knee. It is not part of the joint. Above this is the femur, which is also known as the "thighbone." This is the longest, largest and heaviest bone of the body. The patella, commonly called the "kneecap," covers and protects the front of the knee joint.

      脛骨構成膝關節的底，脛骨又稱䯒（胻）骨或骭骨。是小腿的大骨。小腿的小骨稱為腓骨，在膝關節略下方與脛骨相連，不是膝關節的一部分。脛骨上方是股骨，俗稱大腿骨，是人體最長、最大、最重的骨頭。髕骨，通常稱作「膝蓋」，覆蓋在膝關節前面，並有保護膝關節的作用。

 

Articular Cartilage（關節軟骨）

Within the knee, the surfaces of the bones are covered with a layer of articular cartilage. This tough, smooth tissue protects the bones. It allows them to glide smoothly as the knee flexes and extends.

      在膝關節內，這些骨的表面被覆著一層關節軟骨。這層堅韌光滑的組織可以保護骨頭，在膝關節屈伸活動時，這些骨頭能夠相互間流暢地滑動。

 

Menisci（半月板）

Between the tibia and femur are two thick pads called "menisci." Each one individually is called a "meniscus." These are made of cartilage. They act as cushions for the two rounded protrusions on the end of the femur, which are called the "condyles."

      在脛骨與股骨之間，有兩個厚厚的墊片，被稱為半月板，是由軟骨組成的，充當稱為「髁」的股骨遠端的兩個圓形突起的緩衝墊。

 

Cruciate Ligaments（十字韌帶）

The tibia and the femur are connected to each other by a pair of strong bands of tissue called "cruciate  ligaments." The anterior cruciate ligament is commonly called the "ACL." The posterior cruciate ligament is commonly called the "PCL." These ligaments cross each other like an X in the center of the knee. The ACL keeps the tibia from slipping forward, and the PCL keeps it from slipping backward. These ligaments also limit the knee's rotation.

      脛骨和股骨通過一對稱為「十字韌帶」的堅韌的一束組織相連。前方的十字韌帶通常稱作前十字韌帶（ACL），後方的十字韌帶通常稱作後十字韌帶（PCL）。兩根韌帶在膝關節中間相互交叉成「X」形。前十字韌帶防止脛骨向前滑移，後十字韌帶防止脛骨向後滑移。兩條韌帶還可以限制膝關節旋轉。

Collateral Ligaments（側副韌帶）

Another set of ligamets are called the collateral ligaments are found on the sides of the joint. They minimize side to side movement and help stablize the knee.

　　另一組韌帶被稱作側副韌帶。它們位於關節的側方。側副韌帶可以減少膝關節側向的活動，並有助於穩定關節。

Patella（髕骨）

The patella is held in place in front of the knee by the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament. They connect to the upper and lower portion of patella. They allow the patella to move as the knee flexes and extends.

      髕骨通過股四頭肌腱和髕韌帶在膝關節前方維持在位。它們與髕骨的上極和下極相連。在膝關節屈伸活動時允許髕骨活動。

The knees must support your body's weight as you stand, walk, run, and jump. Because they bear such a heavy load, the knees are vulnerable to injury and to osteoarthritis.

      在人站立、散步、跑或跳時，膝關節需要支撐體重。因為需要承受很重的負荷，所以膝關節容易損傷並產生骨性關節炎。

（胡佰文    譯）

相關閱讀：

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中英文字幕：使用膕繩肌腱重建ACL（ARTHROTEK® and EZLoc™ Devices）

中英文字幕：前交叉韌帶重建（ACL Reconstruction with Arthrex® TightRope®)

中英文字幕：前交叉韌帶重建（ACL Reconstruction with Arthrex RetroScrew)

中英文字幕：使用膕繩肌腱重建前十字韌帶（ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring）

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