研究發現脂肪酸能夠驅動吞噬膜擴張
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/12/27 15:14:50
德國科隆大學Martin Graef研究組研究發現在自噬過程中,磷脂合成過程中產生的局部脂肪酸驅動吞噬泡的擴張。該研究於2019年12月26日發表於國際學術期刊《細胞》雜誌上。
在這裡,他們描繪了通過局部磷脂合成來擴展吞噬膜的途徑。具體來說,他們發現保守的醯基輔酶A合成酶Faa1積累在有核吞噬細胞上,並局部激活吞噬細胞伸長和自噬所需的脂肪酸(FAs)。
令人驚訝的是,使用同位素FA示蹤法,他們直接顯示Faa1通道可激活FAs進入磷脂的合成途徑,並促進其組裝成自噬膜。實際上,在內質網處從頭合成磷脂的第一步是與新生自噬體形成穩定接觸,這對於自噬至關重要。
總之,他們的工作闡明了細胞如何在空間上調節自噬過程中磷脂的合成和通量。
研究人員表示,自噬是一種保守的分解代謝穩態過程,對細胞和機體健康至關重要。在自噬過程中,小的單膜噬菌體會迅速擴展為大的雙膜自噬體,以封裝各種貨物以進行降解。廣泛認為自噬膜主要來源於預製的細胞器膜。
附:英文原文
Title: Local Fatty Acid Channeling into Phospholipid Synthesis Drives Phagophore Expansion during Autophagy
Author: Maximilian Schütter, Patrick Giavalisco, Susanne Brodesser, Martin Graef
Issue&Volume: December 26, 2019
Abstract: Autophagy is a conserved catabolic homeostasis process central for cellular and organismal health. During autophagy, small single-membrane phagophores rapidly expand into large double-membrane autophagosomes to encapsulate diverse cargoes for degradation. It is thought that autophagic membranes are mainly derived from preformed organelle membranes. Instead, here we delineate a pathway that expands the phagophore membrane by localized phospholipid synthesis. Specifically, we find that the conserved acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1 accumulates on nucleated phagophores and locally activates fatty acids (FAs) required for phagophore elongation and autophagy. Strikingly, using isotopic FA tracing, we directly show that Faa1 channels activated FAs into the synthesis of phospholipids and promotes their assembly into autophagic membranes. Indeed, the first committed steps of de novo phospholipid synthesis at the ER, which forms stable contacts with nascent autophagosomes, are essential for autophagy. Together, our work illuminates how cells spatially tune synthesis and flux of phospholipids for autophagosome biogenesis during autophagy.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.005
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)31331-5
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