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India is home to 36 world heritage sites, as designated by UNESCO, and each of them is a representation of India's rich natural, cultural and architectural diversity:
印度擁有36個被聯合國教科文組織指定為世界遺產,每個遺址都代表著印度豐富的自然,文化和建築多樣性:
Kaziranga National Park (Assam)
卡齊蘭加國家公園(阿薩姆邦)
When: Designated in 1985
什麼時候:1985年指定
Why: Because of its unique natural environment that's home to the largest concentration of one-horned rhinoceros.
為什麼:由於其獨特的自然環境,這是獨角犀牛最集中的地方。
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (Assam)
瑪納斯野生動物保護區(阿薩姆邦)
When: Designated in 1985
什麼時候:指定於1985年
Why: Home to 22 of India's most endangered mammals including tiger, pygmy hog, clouded leopard and sloth bear.
為什麼:印度最瀕危的22種哺乳動物之一,包括老虎,侏儒豬,雲豹和懶熊。
Mahabodhi Temple Complex (Bihar)
摩訶菩提寺群(比哈爾邦)
When: Designated in 2002
什麼時候:在2002年指定
Why: One of the earliest temple constructions, and the place of enlightenment of Gautam Buddha.
為什麼:最早的寺廟建築之一,以及高塔姆佛陀的啟蒙之地。
Humayun’s Tomb (Delhi)
胡馬雍陵(德裡)
When: Designated in 1993
什麼時候:1993年指定
Why: Architectural innovation, including creation of Char-Bagh inspired by the description of paradise in Holy Quran.
為什麼:建築創新,包括Char-Bagh的創作靈感來源於古蘭經中天堂的描述。
Qutub Minar (Delhi)
Qutub Minar(德裡)
When: Designated in 1993
什麼時候1993年指定
Why: For its unique representation of the Islamic architectural and artistic excellence.
為什麼以其獨特的伊斯蘭建築和藝術卓越表現。
Red Fort Complex (Delhi)
德裡紅堡綜合體
When: Designated in 2007
什麼時候:2007年指定
Why: For innovative planning arrangements and architectural style, and being a symbol of Mughal power. Also houses the beautiful Moti Masjid。
為什麼:創新的規劃安排和建築風格,並成為莫臥兒王國的象徵。 也安置美麗的Moti Masjid。
Churches and Convents (Goa)
教堂和修道院(果阿)
When: Designated in 1986
什麼時候:1986年指定
Why: Illustrated the evangelization of Asia, especially the Basilica of Bom Jesus, which contains the tomb of St Francis-Xavier.
為什麼:說明了亞洲福傳,特別是包含聖弗朗西斯 - 澤維爾墓的博耶穌大教堂。
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (Gujarat)
Champaner-Pavagadh考古公園(古吉拉特邦)
When: Designated in 2004
什麼時候:2004年指定
Why: For representing lost cultures because of its large concentration of unexcavated archaeological, historic and cultural heritage properties.
為什麼:代表 部落的文化,因為它有大量未經發掘的考古,歷史和文化遺產。
Group of Monuments at Hampi (Karnataka)
集團在亨比(卡納塔克邦)的紀念碑
When: Designated in 1986
什麼時候:1986年指定
Why: For representing a unique artistic creation and bearing testimony to the vanished civilization of Vijaynagara.
為什麼:代表一個獨特的藝術創作,並為Vijaynagara消失的文明提供見證。
Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (Karnataka)
在Pattadakal(卡納塔克邦)的紀念碑組
When: Designated in 1987
什麼時候:在1987年指定
Why: Nine Hindu temples and a Jain sanctuary are built on fusion of northern (Nagara) and southern (Dravida) India's architectural forms.
為什麼:九座印度教寺廟和一座耆那教庇護所建於融合了北方(Nagara)和南方(Dravida)印度建築形式的基礎上
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh)
三芝(中央邦)佛教紀念碑
When: Designated in 1989
什麼時候:1989年指定
Why: Discovered in 1818, the site is the oldest Buddhist sanctuary in existence and has monuments dating back to 200 BC and 100 BC.
為什麼:1818年發現該遺址是現存最古老的佛教聖所,並且有可追溯到公元前200年和公元前100年的紀念碑。
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh)
Bhimbetka(中央邦)避難所
When: Designated in 2003
什麼時候:2003年指定
Why: The site reflects a long interaction between people and the landscape, as demonstrated in the quantity and quality of its rock art. The UNESCO inscription for the property describes it as, "a magnificent repository of rock paintings within natural rock shelters."
為什麼:反映了人與大自然之間的長期互動,體現在其巖石藝術的數量上。 聯合國教科文組織為該物業的題詞描述為「在天然巖石收容所內的一個巨大的巖畫儲藏室」。
Khajuraho Group of Monuments (Madhya Pradesh)
克久拉霍紀念碑集團(中央邦)
When: Designated in 1986
什麼時候:1986年指定
Why: Out of the original 85 temples, only 22 remain that strike a perfect balance between architecture and sculpture and are proof of the Chandela Dynasty.
為什麼:在原有的85座寺廟和 22座建築和雕塑之間的完美平衡,並證明了Chandela王朝。
Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra)
阿anta陀石窟(馬哈拉施特拉邦)
When: Designated in 1983
什麼時候:1983年指定
Why: Buddhist caves that were built in 2 phases - first phase was during 2nd century BC and second phase was during 5th and 6th century AD (Gupta period).
為什麼:佛教洞穴分兩期建造 - 第一期在公元前2世紀,第二期在公元5至6世紀(古普塔時期)。
Ellora Caves (Maharashtra)
埃洛拉石窟(馬哈拉施特拉邦)
When: Designated in 1983
什麼時候:1983年指定
Why: The 34 monasteries and temples, are a reflection of ancient Indian civilization, and are sculpted continuously into rock wall of a high basalt cliff.
為什麼:這34座寺廟是古代印度文明的反映,並不斷雕刻在高玄武巖懸崖的巖壁上。
Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra):
象島石窟(馬哈拉施特拉):
When: Designated in 1987
什麼時候:在1987年指定
Why: For being the most magnificent achievement in the history of rock-architecture in western India, and one of the most important collection of temples (5) dedicated to Lord Shiva.
為什麼:作為印度西部巖石建築歷史上最輝煌的成就,以及為溼婆神獻身的最重要的寺廟之一(5)。
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Maharashtra):
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus(馬哈拉施特拉):
When: Designated in 2004
什麼時候:2004年指定
Why: It represents 19th century railway architecture and exhibits an important interchange of influences.
為什麼:它代表了19世紀的鐵路建築,並展現了重要的影響交流。
Konark Sun Temple (Odisha)
科納克太陽神殿(Odisha)
When: Designated in 1984
什麼時候:1984年指定
Why: This 13th century architectural marvel is a unique artistic achievement as its construction caused the mobilization of 1,200 workers for 12 years.
為什麼:這座13世紀的建築奇蹟是一項獨特的藝術成就,因為它的建造造成了12年的1200名工人。
Keoladeo National Park at Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
巴拉特普爾(拉賈斯坦邦)Keoladeo國家公園
When: Designated in 1985
什麼時候:1985年指定
Why: For being a wetland of international importance as 364 species of wintering bird flock here.
為什麼:作為一個具有國際重要性的溼地,364種越冬鳥在這裡聚集。
Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)
簡塔曼塔(齋浦爾)
When: Designated in 2010
什麼時候:2010年指定
Why: For an outstanding collection cosmological, astronomical and scientific traditions and astronomical instruments.
為什麼:一個傑出的收藏宇宙學,天文學和科學傳統和天文儀器。
Great Living Chola Temples (Tamil Nadu)
偉大的生活Chola寺廟(泰米爾納德邦)
When: Designated in 1987
什麼時候:在1987年指定
Why: The 3 great temples, Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram are outstanding examples of the architecture and the representation of the Chola ideology.
為什麼:3座偉大的廟宇,坦賈武爾的Brihadisvara寺廟,Gangaikondacholisvaram的Brihadisvara寺廟以及Darasuram的Airavatesvara寺廟都是建築和Chola意識形態代表的傑出範例。
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu)
組在馬馬拉普拉姆(泰米爾納德邦)的紀念碑
When: Designated in 1984
什麼時候:1984年指定
Why: Built by the Pallava kings in 7th and 8th century, there are approximately 40 temples here, carved out of rocks, including the largest open-air-relief in the world.
為什麼:在7世紀和8世紀由帕拉瓦王國建造,這裡約有40座寺廟,由巖石雕刻而成,包括世界上最大的露天浮雕。
Agra Fort (Uttar Pradesh)
阿格拉堡(北方邦)
When: Designated in 1983
什麼時候:1983年指定
Why: The fortress of red sandstone is a representation of Mughal power and is also known as the Red Fort.
為什麼:紅砂巖堡壘是莫臥兒王朝的代表,也被稱為紅堡。
Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh)
法塔赫布爾西格裡(北方邦)
When: Designated in 1986
什麼時候:1986年指定
Why: Fatehpur Sikri ('City of Victory') was the Mughal capital for 10 years and includes one of the largest mosque in India, the Jama Masjid.
為什麼:法塔赫布爾西格裡('勝利之城')是莫臥兒王朝的首都,歷時10年,其中包括印度最大的清真寺之一Jama Masjid。
Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh)
泰姬陵(北方邦)
When: Designated in 1983
什麼時候:1983年指定
Why: Considered as a masterpiece of architectural style in conception, treatment and execution, Taj Mahal is also one of the 7 wonders of the world.
為什麼:泰姬陵被視為建築風格的概念,治療和執行的傑作,也是世界七大奇蹟之一。
Mountain Railways of India
印度的山鐵路
When: Designated in 1999, 2005 and 2008
什麼時候:指定在1999年,2005年和2008年
Why: The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the Kalka-Shimla Railway are part of the heritage sites. These are designated for being outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for the problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain.
為什麼:大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路,尼爾吉裡山鐵路和卡爾卡 - 西姆拉鐵路是遺址的一部分。 它們被認定為大膽的,巧妙的工程解決方案的傑出範例,用於在崎嶇多山的地形上建立有效的鐵路解決連接的問題。
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park (Uttarakhand)
南達德維和花谷國家公園(Uttarakhand)
When: Designated in 1988 and 2005
什麼時候:在1988年和2005年指定
Why: For its outstanding natural beauty and for being home to threatened mammals, notably snow leopard and Himalayan musk deer,
為什麼:由於其優秀的自然美景和受威脅的哺乳動物家園,尤其是雪豹和喜馬拉雅麝鹿,
Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal)
Sundarbans國家公園(西孟加拉邦)
When: Designated in 1987
什麼時候:在1987年指定
Why: This is the largest area of mangrove forest in the world and the only one inhabited by tigers.
為什麼:這是世界上紅樹林面積最大的地區,也是老虎棲息的唯一一個。
Western Ghats in India
西印度高止山脈
When: Designated in 2012
什麼時候:2012年指定
Why: 39 properties (including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests), across the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, demonstrates "speciation related to the breakup of the ancient landmass of Gondwanaland in the early Jurassic period."
為什麼:卡納塔克邦,喀拉拉邦,泰米爾納德邦和馬哈拉施特拉邦各州的39個物業(包括國家公園,野生動物保護區和森林保護區)顯示出「與侏羅紀早期岡瓦納古代陸地解體有關的物種形態」。
Hill Forts of Rajasthan
拉賈斯坦邦的山堡
When: Designated in 2013
什麼時候:2013年指定
Why: 6 different properties collectively make the Hill Forts, that represent Rajput ideologies in terms of fort planning, and defense mechanism.
為什麼:6個不同的城堡共同組成了希爾堡壘,它代表了堡壘規劃和防禦機制方面的拉傑普特思想。
The property consists of Chittor Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amer Fort and Jaisalmer Fort.
該物業包括Chittor堡,Kumbhalgarh堡,Ranthambore堡,加格龍堡,阿梅爾堡和齋沙默爾堡。
Rani ki vav (Gujarat)
Rani ki vav(古吉拉特邦)
When: Designated in 2014
什麼時候:2014年指定
Why: It represents artistic and technological height of stepwell tradition as its more than 64m long, 20m wide & 27m deep, with more than 500 gold sculptures.
為什麼:它代表了stepwell傳統的藝術和技術高度,它長64米,寬20米,深27米,擁有超過500個金雕塑。
Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area ( Himachal Pradesh)
喜馬拉雅山國家公園保護區(喜馬偕爾邦)
When: Designated in 2014
什麼時候:2014年指定
Why: A significant site for biodiversity conversion, the site is home to a large variety of flora and fauna.
為什麼:生物多樣性轉化的重要場所,該地區擁有各種各樣的動植物。
Nalanda (Bihar)
納蘭達(比哈爾邦)
When: Designated in 2016
什麼時候:2016年指定
Why: Home to the the archaeological remains of the Nalanda university (which was also a monastic institution), the most ancient university of the Indian sub-continent.
為什麼:納蘭達大學(也是寺院院校)考古遺址的所在地,這是印度次大陸最古老的大學。
Khangchendzonga National Park (Sikkim)
Khangchendzonga國家公園(錫金)
When: Designated in 2016
什麼時候:2016年指定
Why: It's the heartland of a multi-ethnic culture which has evolved over time and the park includes the world's third highest peak, Mount Khangchendzonga.
為什麼:這是一個隨著時間推移而發展的多民族文化的中心地帶,這個公園包括世界第三高的山峰Khangchendzonga。
The Architectural Work Of Le Corbusier (Chandigarh)
勒柯布西耶(Chandigarh)的建築工作
When: Designated in 2016
什麼時候:2016年指定
Why: The Complexe du Capitole in Chandigarh is one of the 17 Le Corbusier sites which are spread across 7 countries, which are "a testimonial to the invention of a new architectural language that made a break with the past."
為什麼:昌迪加爾的卡皮託勒綜合廣場是17個勒布柯布西耶站點之一,分布在7個國家,這是「發明一種與過去相違背的新建築語言的證明」。
Historic City of Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
艾哈邁達巴德(古吉拉特邦)歷史名城
When: Designated in 2017
什麼時候:2017年指定
Why: India's first heritage city, it represents a rich architectural heritage of the Sultanate period. It is also India's first heritage city.
為什麼:印度的第一個遺產城市,它代表了蘇丹時期豐富的建築遺產。 這也是印度的第一個遺產城市。
How many of these sites have you visited?
你去過這些地方嗎?
Welcome to India !
Source: UNESCO,Scoopwhoop
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