be ravaged by floods表示「洪水肆虐」,它的同義表達是being devastated by floods。
▲圖片來源於網絡
洪水過後大量街道、建築物被淹,今天公眾號「高齋外刊雙語精讀」帶大家一起來看看經濟學人是如何進行場景描寫的,這部分篇幅不長,帶點文學意味。
經濟學人原文:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees, their trunks half-submerged. A wooden boardwalk leading out to a fishing pier remained only just above the murky water.
高齋參考譯文:河岸附近的岬角上樹木叢生,樹幹的一半淹沒在水中;一條通往漁港碼頭的木棧道稍稍露出渾濁的水面。
第一句:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees, their trunks half-submerged.
河岸附近的岬角上樹木叢生,樹幹的一半淹沒在水中;
1. 語法分析:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees是典型的倒裝句,地點狀語On a spit of land near the riverbank前置,整個句子完全倒裝。
這種結構在文學翻譯中較為常見,倒裝是為了強調,也為了結構清晰。常見的還有there stood ...舉兩個例子:
A. 《射鵰英雄傳》英譯本(郝玉青譯):
江畔一排數十株烏桕樹,葉子似火燒般紅,正是八月天時。
On the shores there stood thirty or so tallow trees, leaves red like fire, yet another sign that it was now August.
B. 魯迅《秋夜》(毛榮貴譯):
在我的後園,可以看見牆外有兩株樹,一株是棗樹,還有一株也是棗樹。
In our backyard, there stood two Chinese jujubes.
有時候直接刪去there,直接介詞開頭全部倒裝,比如我最近在看的費孝通《鄉土中國》中就有這樣一句:
從土裡長出過光榮的歷史,自然也會受到土的束縛。
To be sure, out of the soil has grown a glorious history, but it is a history that was naturaly limited by what could be taken from the soil.
還比如高齋翻碩班我講文學翻譯的時候有碰到這句:
原文:沿著荷塘是一條曲折的小煤屑路。《荷塘月色》
朱純深譯本:Alongside the Lotus Pond runs a small cinder footpath.
今天這句On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees就是介詞開頭全部倒裝,正常語序是a cluster of trees stood on a spit of land near the riverbank stood.
2. 固定表達:a spit of land是一個固定表達,它的英文釋義是A spit of land is a long, flat, narrow piece of land that sticks out into the sea/ocean, a lake, etc.表示岬角,海岬,即向海突出的夾角狀的陸地,常常橫在河口灣口上,如下圖所示:
▲圖片來源於網絡
還有個形似的表達a ribbon of land,這個在CATTI三筆真題中見過:
Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.
3. a cluster of:意思是「一群;一簇;一批;一片」,表示「許多」的含義,比如「出現了一大批高科技初創企業」就可以說A cluster of high-tech start-ups has appeared. 如下圖經濟學人這句:
文學翻譯中也經常用到這個表達,比如茅盾《霧》(張培基譯):
就只最西的一峰戴著一簇房子,其餘的僅只有樹。
The westernmost one had on top a cluster of houses while the rest were topped by nothing but trees.
4. 一詞多義:trunk美[trʌŋk]這個詞可以表示「象鼻」,可以表示「行李箱;大的旅行箱」,汽車的後備箱就可以用trunk表示,我們生活中常說「打開汽車後備箱」英文就是open the trunk。
trunk在這裡表示「樹幹」。如「松樹的樹幹」就可以說the trunk of a pine tree。
5. 語法分析:their trunks half-submerged是獨立主格結構,邏輯主語是their trunks,their指代trees』,half-submerged表狀態。
高齋CATTI和MTI翻譯課程裡也講過很多類似句型,如這句:
A staff dormitory just beyond its gates is empty, its entrance sealed with barbed wire.
距離廠門僅一步之遙的員工宿舍已是人去樓空,帶刺鐵絲網封住了入口。
6. half-submerged:表示一半淹沒在水中,一半浸在水裡。比如dailymail在報導此次洪災時有這麼一句話:
Aerial footage and images released by Xinhua News show rows of half-submerged buildings and flooded streets in some of the worst-hit areas including southeastern Jiangxi province and neighbouring Hunan.
▲圖片來源於網絡
Aerial footage and images released by ... show可以當作一個固定句型來記,表示「……發布的航拍圖像顯示」,其中aerial表示「空中的,由飛機進行的」;
如果是對……進行航拍,介詞是of,可以說Aerial footage and images of或An aerial shot/view of ...
其中,Footage是航拍圖像、航拍鏡頭,是不可數名詞,這個在CATTI二筆真題中考過:
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.
而shot和view是可數名詞,所以加a,比如dailymail報導:
有一個專業術語「無人機」英文就是unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)。
第二句:A wooden boardwalk leading out to a fishing pier remained only just above the murky water.
一條通往漁港碼頭的木棧道稍稍露出渾濁的水面。
1. 句子結構分析:句子主幹是A wooden boardwalk remained only just above the murky water;leading out to a fishing pier是現在分詞作boardwalk的後置定語。
2. boardwalk:木棧道,尤指海邊或岸邊的。
3. 固定表達:lead out to是一個固定表達,意思是「通向;通往」,也可以寫為leading to,「通往……的道路」英文可以說roads leading to ...如voa例句:
Roads leading to many smaller towns are blocked or bridges are unsafe.
一些通往小鄉鎮的路不是道路斷絕就是橋梁太過危險。
還可以寫為a road out to ...,比如ted上的這句話:
If you build a wide road out to the outskirts of town people will move there.
如果我們能修一條寬闊的路通往郊區,就會有居民遷移到那裡。
4. fishing pier:漁港碼頭。pier這個詞可以表示「(突入湖、河、海中的)碼頭」。A wooden boardwalk leading out to a fishing pier指的就是一條通往漁港碼頭的木棧道,大概就像圖下這樣:
▲圖片來源於網絡
5. only just:表示「勉強;剛剛;僅僅」,only just above意思是「僅高於;勉強高過」,也可以寫為just above。它也可以表示數量、水平、程度上的高於、超過,舉個經濟學人上的例子:
6. the murky water:渾水,渾濁的水。murky的本意是「渾濁的」。這個詞可以引申為「不透明的;不光明正大的」,如經濟學人例句:
They can't even be sure how much municipalities are spending because local finances have become so murky.
他們甚至還不能確定地方政府的收支狀況,因為地方財政很不透明。
形容sth「前途未卜,看不到未來,前途一片昏暗」也可以用murky表示,比如「這種模式看不到前途」就可以說this business model has a murky future.
小測試:
footage是什麼意思?
a spit of land是什麼意思?
stood是什麼意思?
cluster是什麼意思?
leading out to是什麼意思?
only just above是什麼意思?
murky是什麼意思?