2018熱詞年終盤點 ·科技篇

2018年考研時間將年，翻吧君按慣例將今年前11月的熱詞分類匯總，並將在本周陸續推出。希望能為給各位考研學子有所幫助！

2018熱詞年終盤點：

經濟篇

文化篇

世界科技強國: a world leader in science and technology

Xi called for efforts to develop China into a world leader in science and technology.

習近平強調，要努力將中國建設成為世界科技強國。

Xi said as China strives for prosperity and rejuvenation, it needs to devote great energy to promoting science and technology, and endeavor to be a major world center for science and innovation.

習近平指出，中國要強盛、要復興，就一定要大力發展科學技術，努力成為世界主要科學中心和創新高地。

國際大科學計劃和大工程方案: international big science research plans and projects

China's State Council has issued a set of guidelines to encourage the launch of more international "big science" projects.

國務院印發了一系列鼓勵組織國際大科學工程的指導方案。

The guidelines, which were distributed to provincial-level governments as well as ministries and institutions of the State Council, called on them to take the lead in launching international big science research plans and projects, using domestic and overseas scientific resources.

該方案要求省級政府以及國務院各部委、各直屬機構利用國內外科學資源，牽頭組織國際大科學計劃和大科學工程。

國家最高科技獎： State Preeminent Science and Technology Award

Explosive expert Wang Zeshan and virologist Hou Yunde received the 2017 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award - the nation's highest scientific award - on Monday.

8日，火炸藥專家王澤山和病毒學家侯雲德獲2017年度國家最高科學技術獎，這是我國最高科學獎項。

量子糾纏：particle entanglement

Chinese scientists have set a world record for entanglement of 18 quantum bits, keeping their lead in the field of quantum computing.

中國科學家首次實現18個光量子比特糾纏，該成果刷新世界紀錄，在量子計算領域保持領先。

'嫦娥四號'：Chang'e 4 rover

Chinese scientists unveiled their latest lunar probe, the Chang'e 4, on Wednesday, saying it will be launched in December on a mission to land on the far side of the moon.

15日，我國科學家揭開了新一代月球探測器嫦娥四號的面紗，並表示嫦娥四號將於12月發射並執行在月球背面著陸的任務。

海洋衛星:marine satellite/海洋動力衛星(ocean dynamic satellite)

China successfully sent a new marine satellite into orbit Thursday morning.

25日上午，我國成功將一顆新的海洋衛星送入軌道。

一箭六星：a rocket with six small satellites

The Long March 11 blasted off at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China at 12:12 pm and later put six small satellites — two Earth-observation satellites made by a state-owned firm, three experimental satellites from Chinese private companies as well as an unidentified one from a Canadian company — into orbit.

12時12分，長徵十一號在酒泉衛星發射中心發射升空，將6顆小型衛星送入軌道，分別為一家國有公司製造的2顆地球觀測衛星，3顆來自中國民營企業的試驗衛星，以及加拿大某公司的1顆未知名衛星。

在軌正常運行：in-orbit normal operation/受控安全離軌：to leave the orbit under manual control

Tiangong-2, China's sole space lab orbiting the Earth, will safely leave its orbit under manual control after July 2019, senior space engineers said on Wednesday.

高級航天工程師26日表示，天宮二號將於2019年7月後受控安全離軌。天宮二號是目前我國唯一一個繞地運行的太空實驗室。

 

中國載人航天工程空間實驗室系統總設計師(chief engineer)朱樅鵬表示，天宮二號設計有多個內置自主安全控制模式(built-in fail-safes and auto-processing systems)，可處理緊急狀況(deal with emergencies)，確保自身的安全下降和著陸(ensure its safe descent and landing)。就算在測控區(detection zone)外發生故障，可自主切至安全模式進入相對安全的運行狀態，在進入測控區後進行故障處置，保證天宮二號平臺安全(ensure the platform's safety)和受控離軌(deorbit under manual control)。

民營火箭:private/commercial rocket

OneSpace Technology, China's first private rocket producer, declared the maiden launch of the company's OS-X rocket from a testing base in Northwest China a success Thursday.

我國首家民營火箭製造商零壹空間宣布，該公司的OS-X火箭17日在我國西北某基地成功進行首次發射。

中繼衛星：relay satellite

China launched a relay satellite early Monday to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang'e-4 lunar probe that will explore the Moon's mysterious far side.

5月21日凌晨，中國發射一顆中繼衛星，為計劃發射的嫦娥四號月球探測器提供地月中繼通信。嫦娥四號將對神秘的月球背面進行探測。

「一帶一路」空間信息走廊：the Belt and Road space information corridor

Speaking at the China-ASEAN Cooperation and Development Forum of the Belt and Road Space Information Corridor, Wu Yanhua, deputy head of China National Space Administration, said the CNSA will further explore a technical, financial cooperation model suitable for the common development of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations members. He also said efforts will be made to establish a market-oriented, open and win-win satellite service network in which enterprises will play a pivotal role.

國家航天局副局長吳豔華在中國—東協「一帶一路」空間信息走廊合作發展論壇上表示，中國將探索建立適合中國—東協共同發展的科技金融合作模式，構建企業為主體、市場化運營、開放共贏的衛星服務網絡體系。

超級計算機：supercomputer

China now holds over 45% of the world's top 500 supercomputers, as well as occupying 2 places in top 10, according to the 52nd edition of the supercomputer TOP500 list released in Dallas, Texas, Monday.

根據12日在美國德州達拉斯發布的第52期超級計算機500強榜單，如今中國超算在全球500強超算榜單上所佔比例達45%以上，且在排名榜單前10的超算中佔據兩席。

地下湖: underground lake/液態水體：liquid water

A massive underground lake has been detected for the first time on Mars, raising hopes that more water -- and maybe even life -- exists there, international astronomers said Wednesday.

7月25日，國際天文學家表示，火星上首次探測到一個大面積地下湖，這增加了火星存在更多水乃至生命的可能性。

微型生態圈: mini biosphere

China hopes to create a "mini biosphere" on the dark side of the Moon, with flowers and silkworms sustaining each other as they grow on the lifeless lunar surface.

中國希望在月球背面打造一個"微型生態圈"，讓花和蠶"相依為命"，在沒有生命的月球表面生長。

「獵鷹重型」火箭:Falcon Heavy rocket

The world's most powerful rocket, SpaceX's Falcon Heavy, blasted off on Tuesday on its highly anticipated maiden test flight, carrying CEO Elon Musk's cherry red Tesla Roadster toward an orbit near Mars.

世界最強火箭——SpaceX"獵鷹重型"6日迎來備受矚目的首次測試發射。火箭將SpaceX執行長埃隆·馬斯克的桃紅色特斯拉敞篷跑車送往火星附近軌道。

反導攔截試驗：anti-missile intercept technology test

The Ministry of National Defense announced on Tuesday that China has successfully tested a land-based mid-course anti-missile intercept technology within its territory on Monday, and the test achieved its preset goal.

國防部6日宣布，5日，我國在境內進行了一次陸基中段反導攔截技術試驗，試驗達到了預期目標。

 

反導攔截(anti-missile interception)技術按發射地分為陸基(land-based)、海基(sea-based)和天基(space-based)，分別指反導系統在陸地、海上和天空發射。按照攔截時機不同可分為三大類，即助推段(boost phase)、中段(mid-course)和末端(terminal)。中段是彈道飛彈飛行高度最高的一段，遠程彈道飛彈(ballistic missile)的中段是在大氣層以外飛行。在中段進行攔截，可以避免敵方飛彈飛臨我方本土，相對於"愛國者3"等末端反導系統(anti-missile system)，安全係數更高。但中段攔截因為目標距離遠，也要求反導系統的雷達擁有更遠的探測距離(detection range)、攔截彈擁有更快的速度和加速度，技術難度更高。

 

中段飛彈攔截被認為是目前最為可行的反飛彈方案(be regarded as the most feasible anti-missile plan at present)。陸基中段飛彈防禦系統(ground-based midcourse missile defense system)的系統組成龐雜、技術難度極高，此前，世界上只有美國一國進行過這種研究試驗，中國是第二個進行陸基中段反導攔截試驗(land-based mid-course anti-missile interception test)的國家。國防部稱，這一試驗是防禦性的(the test is defensive in nature)，不針對任何國家。

人造月亮:man-made moon

China's man-made moon conception is expected to be realized in 2022, the Science and Technology Daily reported.

據《科技日報》報導，我國"人造月亮"的設想有望於2022年得以實現。

藍天保衛戰: Blue Sky Protection Campaign

The Chinese government has announced plans to roll out a three-year plan to ensure greater achievements in air pollution control.

我國政府宣布推出三年計劃，以確保在汙染防治方面取得更大成績。

空氣汙染防控督查: air pollution control inspections

The country's top environmental watchdog will dispatch about 18,000 law enforcement officers to conduct air pollution control inspections in three key areas starting on Monday.

6月11日起，生態環境部將派出1.8萬人次在三個重點區域進行空氣汙染防控督查。

炸彈氣旋: bomb cyclone

The East Coast’s first snowstorm of 2018, dubbed a "bomb cyclone" by forecasters, was energised by this rapid drop in barometric pressure. According to reports, temperatures fell as low as -42 degrees Celsius across much of the eastern area.

這次2018年美國東海岸的第一場暴風雪是由於氣壓的急劇下降而產生，天氣預報員稱之為「炸彈氣旋」。據報導，美國東部多地氣溫降至零下42攝氏度。

非厄爾尼諾年：non-El Nino year

Last year was the hottest non-El Nino year on record, according to reports published Thursday by multiple agencies.

根據多家機構18日發布的報告，去年是史上錄得最熱的非厄爾尼諾年。

超級藍血月:Super Blue Blood Moon

The "super moon", "blue moon", and "blood moon", rolled into one "Super Blue Blood Moon" on Wednesday night, the first of its kind in 152 years.

1月31日晚，"超級月亮"、"藍月"和"血月"合為"超級藍血月"，為152年來首次出現。

沙塵天氣: sandy and dusty weather

The Beijing Meteorological Service issued a warning on Wednesday morning on sandy and dusty weather in the city.

北京市氣象局28日上午就本市的沙塵天氣發布預警。

暴雨: territorial rain

Torrential rain across western Japan has severed transportation links in the region, with the discovery of more bodies on Thursday pushing the death toll up to 200.

日本西部地區遭受暴雨襲擊，導致交通樞紐中斷，隨著12日發現屍體數量的增加，死亡人數上升至200人。

颱風「飛燕」：Japan's Typhoon Jebi

Typhoon Jebi, or 「swallow」 in Korean, was briefly a super typhoon and was the most powerful storm to hit Japan in 25 years. It came after months of heavy rain, landslides, floods and record-breaking heat that killed hundreds of people this summer.

超強颱風「飛燕」是日本25年來遭遇的最強颱風。今年夏季，在颱風到來之前，日本已連月遭遇暴雨、泥石流、洪水以及史無前例的熱浪襲擊，致數百人死亡。

熱浪：heat wave

Less than two weeks after torrential rains wreaked destruction across Japan, the country is facing yet another weather-related crisis: a record-breaking heat wave that forecasters say could last until early August.

日本在遭到暴雨襲擊不到兩周後，又面臨另一天災——史無前例的熱浪，天氣預報稱，熱浪襲擊將持續至8月初。

橙雪: orange-tinted snow

The Rosa Khutor Resort in Sochi -- home to the 2014 Winter Olympics -- was covered in orange-tinted snow. The slopes, which looked more like desert dunes, prompting people on social media to claim the photos had a sepia filter onthem.

2014年冬奧會舉辦地——索契的羅莎庫塔度假村由「橙雪」覆蓋，山坡看上去更像是沙漠中的沙丘，這使得有社交媒體上的網友說照片加了褐色濾鏡。

無人冰站系統: unmanned ice station system

Chinese scientists have installed an unmanned ice station system for the first time in the Arctic Ocean, ushering in an "unmanned era" for scientific observation of the North Pole.

我國科學家近日在北冰洋首次成功布放無人冰站系統，開啟北極科學觀測的"無人時代"。

生態保護功能極重要和生態環境極敏感脆弱地區：key ecological zones with a fragile environmental status

China has designated 610,000 square kilometers of land as key ecological zones with a fragile environmental status. The demarcated area covers 15 provincial regions, including Beijing, and is intended to strengthen ecological protection, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced on Monday.

環保部12日宣布，我國已將北京市等15個省（市）約61萬平方公裡的土地劃定為生態功能極重要和生態環境極敏感脆弱地區，以加強生態保護。

汙染防治攻堅戰：fight a good battle against pollution

Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, speaks during a tone-setting meeting on environmental protection in Beijing, capital of China. The two-day national conference ended on May 19, 2018.

為期兩天的全國生態環境保護大會19日在北京閉幕。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平出席會議並發表重要講話。

有害臭氧濃度：concentration of hazardous ozone

The concentration of hazardous ozone in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas has been increasing, even though other major air pollutants have been declining, according to a report published on Tuesday.

4月10日發布的報告稱，京津冀及周邊地區的有害臭氧濃度持續上升，其他主要汙染物濃度有所下降。

紋身式電子皮膚：graphene-based tattoo-like electronic skin

Chinese scientists have developed a graphene-based tattoo-like electronic skin that could function as a wearable device to monitor a person's health.

我國科學家研製了一種石墨烯紋身式電子皮膚，可用作穿戴設備來監測健康狀況。

克隆猴: clone macaques

By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua" by nuclear transferring of somatic cells - any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.

去年12月，中科院神經科學研究所利用體細胞核轉移技術成功培育出兩隻克隆猴"中中"和"華華"。體細胞指機體中除了生殖細胞以外的任何細胞。

單條染色體酵母菌株：single-chromosome yeast strain

Qin Zhongjun, a molecular biologist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his team used CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing to create a single-chromosome yeast strain, the paper said.

中國科學院上海植物生理生態研究所分子植物科學卓越創新中心的分子生物學家覃重軍和他的團隊使用CRISPR-Cas9基因組編輯技術創建了單條染色體酵母菌株。

致癌雜質:carcinogenic/cancer-causing impurity

A pharmaceutical company in Zhejiang has reported finding an impurity that can cause cancer in a drug it makes as an ingredient for blood pressure medications, the State Drug Administration said on Sunday. The products have been recalled.

國家藥品監督管理局29日稱，浙江一家製藥公司報告其生產的一款降壓藥原料藥被發現含有致癌雜質。該產品已被召回。

基因檢測：genetic test

According to reports, the US Food and Drug Administration is allowing 23andMe, a US company, to sell genetic tests to people without doctor's prescription, indicating the FDA is further easing its regulation of the genetic test industry in the US.

據報導，美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)將允許美國23andMe公司在沒有醫生處方的情況下售賣基因檢測服務，這表明FDA正進一步放寬對基因檢測行業的監管。

出生缺陷：birth defect

New research involving half a million pregnant women across China is expected to greatly improve control and prevention of risks related to birth defects, which are likely to increase with the adoption of the universal second-child policy.

涵蓋全國50萬孕婦的新研究將極大改善對出生缺陷風險的防控。隨著全面二孩的放開，新生兒的出生缺陷可能會增加。

基因編輯嬰:genetically edited babies

Scientists and bioethics experts have reacted with shock and anger to a Chinese researcher's claim that he helped make the world's first genetically edited babies.

一名中國研究人員稱幫助造出世界上首批基因編輯嬰兒，科學家和生物倫理專家對此紛紛表示震驚和憤怒。

國內創新藥：the domestic development of drugs

A long-acting injectable drug developed developed in China to treat HIV has been approved for public use by the State Drug Administration. The drug, Albuvirtide, is the first HIV treatment to be developed in China, reports China Central Television.

我國自主研發的抗愛滋病新藥艾博韋泰長效注射劑獲國家藥監局批准上市。據央視報導，這是我國首款自主研發的抗愛滋病毒藥物。

遊戲障礙： gaming disorde

Many parents will have thought it for a long time, but they now have a new argument to limit their children's 'screen time' - addiction to video games has been recognized by World Health Organization as a mental health disorder.

許多家長想了很長時間，現在他們有新證據來限制孩子的「屏幕時間」了——電子遊戲成癮被世界衛生組織列為精神疾病。

癌症疫苗：cancer vaccine

The so-called 「cancer vaccine」 currently being tested by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine doesn’t need to target specific tumor cells. Nor does it put the patient’s immune system into overdrive or require costly re-engineering of immune cells to attack cancer like other immunotherapies.

史丹福大學醫學院研究人員目前正在測試的這種「癌症疫苗」不需要標靶特定的癌細胞，也不需要全面激活患者的免疫系統，或是像其他免疫療法一樣，需要花費高昂的治療費對免疫細胞進行重組來對抗癌症。

視網膜母細胞瘤：retinoblastoma

On May 4, Wang Fengya, a three-year-old girl from Taikang County, in central China’s Henan province, died from retinoblastoma, a type of eye cancer that occurs mostly in children under two years of age.

5月4日，河南太康縣3歲女童王鳳雅因患視網膜母細胞瘤去世。視網膜母細胞瘤是一種眼部癌症，多見於2歲以下兒童。

季節性流感病毒：seasonal influenza virus

Flu outbreaks are up across China compared with previous years, but the epidemic remains at normal levels and is much less severe than the SARS outbreak, said He Xiong, deputy director of the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

北京市疾病預防控制中心副主任賀雄日前表示，全國範圍內流感爆發的病例數量與往年相比有所增加，但疫情仍在正常水平，其嚴重程度與SARS爆發相去甚遠。

超級細菌: super bacteria

Problems are particularly acute in animal husbandry, where antibiotics are frequently used as health products to promote growth. Serious consequences are emerging, including an increasing risk of "super bacteria," severe environmental degradation, and a big threat to people's health.

抗生素濫用在畜牧業領域尤其嚴重。目前畜牧業養殖戶普遍將飼用抗生素添加到飼料中，當作保健品來促進生長。而這導致的「超級細菌」風險、環境汙染加重等問題正在挑戰國人健康底線。

 

Super bacteria, also referred to as superbugs, are bacteria that have grown resistant to most antibiotics. Currently, antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause 700,000 deaths worldwide each year, and a UK government review on antimicrobial resistance predicted this number could increase to 10 million by 2050.

超級細菌是指對絕大多數抗生素產生耐藥性的細菌。目前，全球每年有70萬人死於耐藥細菌。英國政府的一項評估預測，到2050年這個數字可能會上升至1000萬。

毫米波人體成像: millimeter wave imaging 

Using a technology known as millimeter wave imaging, the security scanner can detect objects hidden under clothing, including nonmetallic objects, and can show their shape, size and position, the administration said.

民航局表示，使用毫米波人體成像技術進行安檢可以檢測出在衣物覆蓋下藏匿的物品，包括非金屬物品，並可以從圖像上獲取隱匿物品的形狀、大小和位置等信息。

雲端人工智慧晶片: cloud artificial intelligence (AI) chip

China's first cloud artificial intelligence (AI) chip was released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on Thursday in Shanghai.

5月3日，中國科學院在上海發布國內首款雲端人工智慧晶片。

高速懸浮列車: high-speed aerotrain

A high-speed aerotrain that could run 400 to 500 kilometers per hour is being developed by China and Japan in a joint effort, the Chongqing Morning Post reported.

據《重慶晨報》報導，中日兩國正合力研發一種時速可達400-500公裡的高速氣動懸浮列車。

超級高鐵: super high-speed trains

At the World Transport Convention 2018 held in Beijing on Tuesday, chief professor of Southwest Jiaotong University Zhang Weihua told the media that China is exploring super high-speed trains that can travel at 1,500 kilometers per hour.

19日，西南交通大學首席教授張衛華在北京舉行的2018世界交通運輸大會上向媒體表示，我國正在探索時速達1500公裡的超級高鐵。

高鐵電子車票:e-ticket system for high-speed trains

China is to promote e-ticket system for high-speed trains nationwide in 2019, Lu Dongfu, general manager of China Railway Corp, announced at a recent forum.

中國鐵路總公司總經理陸東福近日在某論壇上宣布，中國將在2019年全面推廣高鐵電子車票。

自動駕駛巴士：self-driving bus

One of China's biggest technology companies has declared it has begun mass production of a self-driving bus. Baidu said the vehicles would initially be put to commercial use within Chinese cities but added it was also targeting foreign markets.

中國最大科技公司之一宣布其自動駕駛巴士已開始量產。百度稱這些無人駕駛巴士將首先在中國城市投入商用，但也將以外國市場為目標。

「刷臉」技術: facial recognition technology

The Japan Times reported that sources confirmed facial recognition technology would be used to "streamline the entry of athletes, officials and journalists to the games venues."

《日本時報》報導稱，消息人士證實，人臉識別技術將被用來「精簡運動員、官員和記者入場的流程」。

電子社保卡: electronic social security card

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued China's first electronic social security card on Sunday to a woman surnamed Liu from Qingdao, Shandong.

22日，人力資源社會保障部向山東青島的劉女士籤發了全國首張電子社保卡。

電子結婚證：digital marriage certificate

Starting on Friday, couples in Jiangsu province can apply for a digital copy of their marriage certificate on Alipay using a mini program launched by the Jiangsu provincial government.

自28日起，江蘇省夫妻可通過江蘇省政府在支付寶上發布的小程序，申領其結婚證的電子副本。

電子運單:digital waybill

China's courier delivery sector used about 40.06 billion waybills last year, with digital waybills accounting for about 80%, according to an industry report.

根據一份行業報告，2017年我國快遞行業共使用了約400.6億份運單，其中電子運單佔比約80%。

智慧物流市場:  intelligent logistics market

Deloitte predicts China's intelligent logistics market size will exceed 1 trillion yuan by 2025.

德勤預計，到2025年，中國智慧物流市場規模將超過1萬億元。

城市公廁雲平臺：cloud platform of city toilets

A national cloud platform to help people locate toilets has served more than 100,000 users since Nov 19, the day it popped up online as part of China's so-called toilet revolution, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said on Wednesday.

住房和城鄉建設部4日表示，自11月9日上線以來，「城市公廁雲平臺」用戶已超過10萬人。該平臺是我國廁所革命的舉措之一。

人工智慧主題公園：artificial intelligence (AI) theme park

China's first artificial intelligence (AI) theme park opened to public in early November, after 10 months renovation of a municipal park in northern Beijing.

11月初，我國首個人工智慧主題公園向公眾開放。這座公園是對京北一座市政公園進行10個月的改造後建成的。

（航母）出海試驗: sea trial

China's first domestically designed aircraft carrier set sail on its maiden sea trial on Sunday morning, which means it will not take long before it is commissioned to the People's Liberation Army Navy.

13日上午，我國第一艘國產航母啟航，進行首次出海試驗。這意味著不久後將交付給海軍。

地下雲圖網: underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring

China has started construction of a monitoring network in seismically active regions in an effort to explore earthquake prediction, researchers said Monday.

研究人員7日表示，作為探索地震預報的舉措，我國開始在地震活躍地區建設監測網絡。

海水稻：seawater rice/salt-alkali-tolerant rice

Seawater rice, also known as salt-alkali-tolerant rice, is designed to grow in ti dal flats and on saline-alkaline land, and can survive being immersed in seawater in a short period. Authorities in Dubai have plans to set aside 10 percent of the landmass of the emirate for the planting of seawater rice, as part of efforts to improve the country's food security and to protect the local ecosystem.

海水稻，也稱為耐鹽鹼水稻，能夠在灘涂和鹽鹼地生長，不懼海水的短期浸泡。杜拜當局計劃留出10%的國土面積用於種植海水稻，作為提升國家糧食安全和保護當地生態系統的一項舉措。

港球澳大橋：the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the world's longest cross-sea bridge, opened to public traffic at 9 am Wednesday.

世界最長的跨海大橋——港珠澳大橋24日上午9時正式通車。

 

生物支付：bio-payment

As high as 60.3% of payments made via Alibaba's T-mall and Taobao during the recent Singles Day shopping frenzy were verified by users scanning their fingerprints or faces instead of entering passwords, according to the e-commerce giant. Bio-payments are gradually replacing passwords to become the primary means of payment in future.

電商巨頭阿里巴巴表示，剛過去的"雙11"購物節期間，其旗下天貓和淘寶上高達60.3%的支付通過指紋、人臉識別完成，而不是輸入密碼完成。生物支付正逐漸取代密碼成為未來主要的支付手段。

快應用: fast app

The top 10 Chinese smartphone vendors, including Huawei and Xiaomi, joined hands on Tuesday to promote technical standards for "fast apps," which are designed to compete against Tencent's mini programs.

20日，華為、小米等國內十大智慧型手機廠商聯合推出"快應用"技術標準，以對抗騰訊旗下的小程序。

digital strip searches: 數字搜身

New Zealand launches "digital strip searches". Travelers who refuse to surrender passwords, codes, encryption keys and other information enabling access to electronic devices could be fined up to N$5,000 in New Zealand, according to new customs rules.

紐西蘭近日啟動"數字搜身"。根據該國的海關新規，拒絕交出密碼、代碼、加密密鑰等解鎖電子設備所需信息的旅客或被罰款5000紐西蘭元。

Riemann Hypothesis：黎曼猜想

The hypothesis was first put forth by German mathematician Bernhard Riemann in 1859. Prime numbers, or those whose only factors are 1 and itself — such as 2, 3, 5 and 7— don't seem to follow a regular pattern on the number line. In other words, you couldn't figure out when the next prime number occurs.

黎曼猜想由德國數學家波恩哈德·黎曼於1859年首次提出。質數，即那些因數只有1和它本身的數——如2、3、5、7等——似乎並沒有在數軸上遵循一定的規律。也就是說，你無法推算出下一個質數會何時出現。

【更多·考研詞彙】

2018熱詞年終盤點·時政篇

2018熱詞年終盤點·經濟篇

2018熱詞年終盤點·文化篇

中國傳統文化詞彙（一）

中國傳統文化詞彙（二）

中國傳統文化詞彙（三）

中國傳統文化詞彙（四）