研究人員發現一種叫做環-GMP-AMP合成酶(簡稱cGAS)的特殊的酶可作為一種應對HIV及其它逆轉錄病毒的免疫感測器,它會在出現第一個感染跡象時拉響警報。儘管人們在逆轉錄病毒中有著巨大的生物醫學興趣,但人們就身體對就逆轉錄病毒的先天免疫反應仍然知之甚少,而它又轉而阻礙了疫苗的研發。到目前為止,存在於宿主中的、能夠探測到包括HIV在內的逆轉錄病毒的感測器大體上是未知的。但Daxing Gao及其同事用原代人類細胞顯示,HIV的逆轉錄——這是一個病毒複製所需的過程——會引起cGAS觸發一種針對它的先天免疫反應,該反應涉及幹擾素的產生。他們說,缺乏該酶的細胞無法檢測到HIV、SIV及小鼠白血病病毒(MLV)。他們的發現意味著cGAS可作為HIV以及許多其它逆轉錄病毒的一種免疫感測器,而研究人員提出,應該對cGAS的產物——環-GMP-AMP——進行是否具有任何治療功效的研究。他們所提供的對身體感測HIV的先天免疫的了解可能在未來有助於疫苗的研發。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1240933
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune Sensor of HIV and Other Retroviruses
Daxing Gao1, Jiaxi Wu1, You-Tong Wu1, Fenghe Du1,2, Chukwuemika Aroh3,4, Nan Yan3,4, Lijun Sun1,2, Zhijian J. Chen
Retroviruses, including HIV, can activate innate immune responses, but the host sensors for retroviruses are largely unknown. Here, we show that HIV infection activates cyclic-GMP–AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) to produce cGAMP, which binds to and activates the adaptor protein STING to induce type-I interferons and other cytokines. Inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase, but not integrase, abrogated interferon-β induction by the virus, suggesting that the reverse transcribed HIV DNA triggers the innate immune response. Knockout or knockdown of cGAS in mouse or human cell lines blocked cytokine induction by HIV, murine leukemia virus (MLV), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). These results indicate that cGAS is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses.