凋亡細胞代謝物可充當組織信使
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/3/24 13:03:22
美國維吉尼亞大學Kodi S. Ravichandran及其課題組的最新研究發現凋亡細胞釋放的代謝物可充當組織信使。相關論文在線發表在2020年3月18日出版的《自然》雜誌上。
研究人員分析了凋亡細胞的代謝產物分泌組,並確定了其對相鄰組織的影響。研究顯示凋亡的淋巴細胞和巨噬細胞釋放特定的代謝產物,同時保留了膜完整性。利用不同刺激誘導細胞凋亡後,這些代謝物子集也在不同的原代細胞和細胞系中共享。從機制上講,細胞凋亡的代謝物分泌物組不僅是細胞內容物的被動排空,還是受調控的過程。
含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Caspase)介導的pannexin 1通道在細胞質膜上開放促進了部分代謝物的釋放。另外,某些代謝途徑在凋亡過程中仍保持活性,並且從給定途徑中僅釋放選擇的代謝物。從功能上講,細胞凋亡的代謝物分泌組在健康鄰近細胞中誘導了特定的基因程序,包括抑制炎症、細胞增殖和傷口癒合。
此外,在炎症性關節炎和肺移植排斥反應的小鼠模型中,凋亡代謝混合物降低了疾病嚴重程度。該研究提出了一個新概念:凋亡細胞不是等待清除的無用細胞,而是通過釋放代謝產物作為「再見」信號來主動調節組織輸出。
據介紹,在體內Caspase依賴的細胞凋亡約佔穩態細胞更新的90%並調節炎症、細胞增殖和組織再生。凋亡細胞如何調控這些多樣的功能亟待闡明。
附:英文原文
Title: Metabolites released from apoptotic cells act as tissue messengers
Author: Christopher B. Medina, Parul Mehrotra, Sanja Arandjelovic, Justin S. A. Perry, Yizhan Guo, Sho Morioka, Brady Barron, Scott F. Walk, Bart Ghesquire, Alexander S. Krupnick, Ulrike Lorenz, Kodi S. Ravichandran
Issue&Volume: 2020-03-18
Abstract: Caspase-dependent apoptosis accounts for approximately 90% of homeostatic cell turnover in the body1, and regulates inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration2,3,4. How apoptotic cells mediate such diverse effects is not fully understood. Here we profiled the apoptotic metabolite secretome and determined its effects on the tissue neighbourhood. We show that apoptotic lymphocytes and macrophages release specific metabolites, while retaining their membrane integrity. A subset of these metabolites is also shared across different primary cells and cell lines after the induction of apoptosis by different stimuli. Mechanistically, the apoptotic metabolite secretome is not simply due to passive emptying of cellular contents and instead is a regulated process. Caspase-mediated opening of pannexin 1 channels at the plasma membrane facilitated the release of a select subset of metabolites. In addition, certain metabolic pathways continued to remain active during apoptosis, with the release of only select metabolites from a given pathway. Functionally, the apoptotic metabolite secretome induced specific gene programs in healthy neighbouring cells, including suppression of inflammation, cell proliferation, and wound healing. Furthermore, a cocktail of apoptotic metabolites reduced disease severity in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis and lung-graft rejection. These data advance the concept that apoptotic cells are not inert cells waiting for removal, but instead release metabolites as 『good-bye』 signals to actively modulate outcomes in tissues.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2121-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2121-3