5年發射140餘次，中國航天業的下一步是哪裡？

近年來，中國的航天發射數量激增。

2018年中國以39次軌道發射的記錄在全球發射榜上遙遙領先，在隨後的2019年又進行了34次軌道發射。截至本周三，中國今年已經進行了30次軌道發射。

值得注意的是，在過去的幾十年裡，中國90%以上的航天發射任務是由長徵系列運載火箭完成的。該火箭系列於50年前投入使用，根據任務的不同類型，在2019年完成了第300次發射，今年預計將進行第350次發射。

The number of China's space launches has increased dramatically in recent years.

The country has led the global launch tables since 2018 with a record of 39 orbital launches, then followed by 34 in 2019. As of Wednesday, China has performed 30 orbital launches this year, including the landmark liftoff of the Tianwen-1 Mars mission in July.

It is worth noting that for the past decades, more than 90 percent of China's space launch missions were carried by the Long March carrier rocket series. The rocket family put into use 50 years ago with different types according to the missions, completed its 300th launch in 2019, and is set to hit the 350th this year.

在過去的五年裡，中國的航天活動在幾乎所有方面都充滿了亮點和驚喜。

去年1月，嫦娥四號探測器在月球背面著陸，這是中國太空探索的一個裡程碑——第一次有飛船成功登陸這顆星球未知的一面。

半年後，中國用其最大的運載火箭長徵五號將「天問一號」火星探測器送入軌道，揭開了對這顆紅色星球進一步探索的序幕。該探測器預計將於明年2月左右進入火星軌道，5月著陸。

同年，中國首次在黃海完成了海基火箭發射，成為繼美國和俄羅斯之後第三個成功完成此類任務的國家。

Over the past five years, China's space activities were full of highlights and surprises in almost all aspects.

The country set a milestone in space exploration by landing its Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon in January last year. It was the first time that any craft landed successfully on the uncharted side of the planet.

Half a year later, China sent Tianwen-1 Mars probe into orbit by its largest carrier rocket Long March-5, raising the curtain for the further exploration of the red planet. The probe is scheduled to enter Mars orbit around February next year and land in May.

The Long March-5, nicknamed the "fat five," plays a key role in China's deep space exploration and constructing its own space station. It blasted off for the first time on November 3, 2016 from Wenchang Space Launch Center, China's fourth inland space launch center.

The Wenchang Space Launch Center is located in south China's Hainan Province and it's mainly used for the Long March-5 and other new-generation carrier rockets. It was built in 2014 and the first launch was conducted in June 2016.

In 2019, China completed the first sea-based rocket launch in the Yellow Sea, becoming the third country after the United States and Russia to successfully perform such a mission.

中國在推進空間基礎設施方面也取得了重大突破。

中國在上世紀90年代開始建造自己的導航系統。今年6月，中國發射了第55顆北鬥衛星，這也是北鬥導航系統的最後一顆衛星，標誌著中國自主部署的全球導航系統完成。

今年8月，「高分7號」對地觀測衛星正式投入使用，我國測繪能力取得重大進展。可為用戶提供1:1萬比例尺的衛星三維製圖。

China has also made significant breakthroughs in advancing space infrastructure.

The country began constructing its own navigation system in the 1990s. In June, China launched the 55th, also the last satellite of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), marking the completion of the deployment of its own global navigation system.

In August, the Gaofen-7 Earth observation satellite was put into service, representing significant progress for China's surveying and mapping capabilities. It can provide 1:10,000 scale satellite 3D mapping for users.

而在載人航天和空間站建設方面，天宮二號空間實驗室於2016年9月在酒泉衛星發射中心發射。一個月後，神舟十一號飛船與天宮二號自動交會對接成功。航天員景海鵬、陳東進入天宮二號，並在空間實驗室中生活了30天。

2019年7月19日，天宮二號受控再入大氣層，標誌著中國載人航天工程空間實驗室階段全部任務圓滿完成。目前，中國載人航天工程全線正在全力備戰空間站建造任務，力爭在2022年建成自己的空間站。

In terms of manned spaceflight, China conducted its latest manned mission in 2016 by sending two astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, into orbit, where they spent about a month abroad China's space lab Tiangong-2, which was launched a month earlier and reentered the atmosphere under control in 2019.

Tiangong-2, an improved version of Tiangong-1, is considered China's first space lab. China is expected to complete its space station by 2022.

未來計劃

中國未來空間活動的重大計劃包括更多的月球和火星任務，以及新型運載火箭。

根據中國航天科技集團公司2018年定下的目標，中國的目標是到2045年成為世界航天強國。

Major plans for China's future space activities involve more lunar and Mars missions, as well as new types of carrier rockets.

China aims to become a leading space power in the world by 2045, according to a route map drawn up in 2018 by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.