2014年6月英語四級真題及答案|2014年6月英語六級答案解析
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選詞填空
題目一:
本文選自2006年5月16日的經濟學人
參考原文
A nation of non-readers: A strange and costly disregard for books
MANY Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate. Many simply do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The average Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year—less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries, spending 5.2 hours a week with a book. Argentines, their neighbours, ranked 18th.
In rare accord, government, businesses and NGOs are all striving in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government launched a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things. The Brazil Reader Institute, an NGO, brings books to people: it has installed lending libraries in two S?o Paulo metro stations, and is planning one in a Carnival samba school. It is starting to be common to see characters in television soap operas shown reading. Cynics note that Globo, the biggest broadcaster, is also a big publisher of books, newspapers and magazines.
One discouragement to reading is that books are expensive. At S?o Paulo's book fair this week, 「O Código Da Vinci」 was on sale for 32 reais—more than a tenth of the official minimum monthly wage. Most other books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.
But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long neglected education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s. Radio was ubiquitous by the 1930s; libraries and bookshops have still not caught up. 「The electronic experience came before the written experience,」 says Marino Lobello, of the Brazilian Chamber of Books, an industry body.
All this means that Brazil's book market has the biggest growth potential in the western world, reckons Mr Lobello. That notion has attracted foreign publishers, such as Spain's Prisa-Santillana, which bought a local house last year. American evangelical publishers are eyeing the market for religious books, which outsell fiction in Brazil.
But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004—289m, including textbooks distributed by the government—than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library quit after a controversial tenure. He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites had eaten much of the collection. Along with crime and high interest rates, that ought to be a cause for national shame.
答案及解析
36. N. simply
本空所在句不缺其它成分,該空應為副詞。備選副詞J) particularly(專門地、特別地)與N) simply(簡單地、僅僅)中,simply符合句意「許多人僅僅是不想學著識字。」
37. A. average
本空修飾名詞Brazilian,需要形容詞。備選形容詞A) average(平均的、普通的)E) expensive(昂貴的)K) potential(潛在的)中,average符合句意「普通的巴西人每年讀1.8本非學術書目」。且reads 1.8 non-academic books a year也在提示這裡是在描述平均值。
38. M. ranked
本空是該句謂語,缺動詞。且與前句並列,而前句用的過去式,因此本空需動詞過去式。備選的有C) distributed(分發、散布)、F) launched(發射、發動)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽視)、L) quit(退出、辭職)、M) ranked(排名)和O) treasured(珍惜)。能與空後的18th構成合理搭配的只有ranked,表示「排在第18位」。另外前句描述的也是巴西的排名。
39. F. launched
本空是該句謂語,缺動詞。由於描述的是過去的日子,需要過去式。備選的有C) distributed(分發、散布)、F) launched(發射、發動)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽視)、L) quit(退出、辭職)和O) treasured(珍惜)。本空後的專有概念National Plan for Books and Reading明顯是個活動或計劃之類,能與之構成合理搭配的只有launched,表示「發起了此計劃」。
40. E. expensive
本空做表語,主語是books,形容詞、動詞分詞可能性較大。注意到後句提到push up their price,因此這裡描述的應該是書的價格,expensive符合話題。
41. H. neglected
本空是所在從句的謂語,且描述的是過去、主句也為過去式,因此這裡需要過去式。備選的有C) distributed(分發、散布)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽視)和L) quit(退出、辭職)O) treasured(珍惜)。注意前句引出的話題是巴西對書籍的漠視,本句提到的也是巴西長期奴隸制的影響,因此本空應選擇neglected,表示巴西「長期忽視教育」。distributed意思不合理,treasured則與這裡想表示的意思相反。
42. K. potential
本空一種可能是副詞,但備選副詞只剩particularly,而其意思在這裡並不合適,這裡也沒有構成其所表示的遞進關係的條件。因此只能考慮本空另一種可能:名詞。備選的有B) collection(收集)、D) exhibition(展覽)和K) potential(潛力)。potential是唯一意思合理的,表示巴西的圖市場「有著最大的增長潛力」。
43. C. distributed
本空位於名詞後,應為後置定語,需要動詞分詞;by提示了這裡需要過去分詞。備選的有C) distributed(分發、散布)、G) named(取名、提名)和L) quit(退出、辭職)O) treasured(珍惜)。這裡意思合理的只有distributed,表示「被政府分發的書籍」。
44. L. quit
本空是該句謂語,其描述的是過去,需要過去式,備選的有G) named(取名、提名)、L) quit(退出、辭職)、和O) treasured(珍惜)。同時該空後無賓語,因此必須是不及物動詞,符合此要求的只有quit,表示國家圖書館負責人辭職。
45. B. collection
空前的定冠詞提示本空需要名詞,備選的有B) collection(收集)和D) exhibition(展覽)。這裡意思較合理的是collection,它可以表示圖書館的館藏書籍。意思是「白蟻吃掉了大部分館藏書籍」。
題目二:
本文節選自Sharon L. Spray, ?Karen Leah McGlothlin所著Global Climate Change一書。
參考原文
Global warming is what we are worried about, and it is exactly as it sound — a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice melted away. However, we have already reached temperatures that re in line with other interglacial (minimum ice) periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are contributing to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures ranging between 1° and 6 ℃ (2° and 10 ℉) over the next 100 years. The warming will be more dramatic in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the impact of this warming will be very different depending on where you are — coastal areas must worry about rising sea level, while Siberia and northern Canada my become more habitable and appealing for humans than these areas are now.
The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on average, everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that this process has already begun and that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing at the end of the twentieth century are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 1995). Some scientists maintain that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random variation — some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years recently — but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.
答案解析
36. I) melted
本空是謂語,需要動詞,且空前並列成分謂語用的是過去式ended,因此需要過去式。備選的有melted(融化)和resolved(決心),能與空前ice構成合理意思、且與空後away構成搭配的只有melted,表示「冰川融化」。
37. G) line
本空空前是介詞,因此需要名詞性成分,且要考慮與空後的with構成搭配。符合要求的只有line(in line with,與……一致)。意思是我們已經接近「與其他最小冰川期時一致的溫度」。
38. C) contributing
前句用完成時表示已經達到的狀態,本句we are描述的則是正在發生的過程,需要動詞的ing形式,且要考慮與空後的介詞to構成搭配。備選的有appealing to(呼籲、上訴)、contributing to(促成、導致),ranging後不直接與介詞to構成搭配。意思合理的只有contributing,為「我們正促成世界範圍內氣溫的升高」。
39. K) ranging
本空引領的是temperature的後置定語,需要動詞分詞。備選的有appealing(呼籲、上訴)、ranging(範圍在……)和resolved(決心)。空後的between 1℃ and 6 ℃明顯是範圍區間,因此ranging合乎語義。range between/from A and B為常用搭配。
40. D) dramatic
本空作為表語,且空前有more,提示了本空需要形容詞。備選的有appealing(有吸引力的)、dramatic(戲劇性的、突發的)和sensible(明智的)。這裡描述的是氣候變化的效果,因此dramatic意思更合適,意為「某些地方的氣候變化會更加戲劇化」。後半句提到的有些地方可能cool off(變冷)也是暗示氣候變化的突發及劇烈。
41. F) impact
空前的the暗示本空需要名詞。備選的有average(平均)、impact(影響)和shock(震驚)。impact和shock都能用於與warming構成搭配,但後面提到的different depending on where you are提示了本空應當是一個較為寬泛的概念,故impact更合適,意為「氣候變暖的影響因所在地不同而不同」。
42. A) appealing
空前的and提示了本空與and前的habitable(宜居的)同詞性且義相近。因此本空需要形容詞,備選的有appealing(有吸引力的)和sensible(明智的)。意思上與habitable更能並列、描述本句所說的Siberia and northern Canada的影視appealing,表示「西伯利亞和加拿大北部可能會變得更宜居、更吸引人」。
43. B) average
空前介詞on提示了本空需要名詞性成分與之構成搭配。備選的有average(平均)和shock(震驚)。這裡意思更合理的是average,且on average是固定搭配「平均地」。
44. H) maintain
本空需要謂語,且前句所用為一般現在時,考慮到本句主語為複數scientists,因此本空需要動詞原形。備選的有maintain(維持、堅稱)、persist(堅持)和shock(震驚)。但persist為不及物動詞,而本空後有賓語從句;shock意思不合適是且一般後面接人。因此只能選maintain。意為「有些科學家堅稱……」。
45. L) recently
本空所在句不缺其它成分,本空需要副詞。備選的又frequently(頻繁地)和recently(最近)。空前提到科學家認為氣候變化無規律,有些年冷、有些年熱(some years are cold, others warm)。本空所在的we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years應當是順著科學家的觀點而來,解釋我們現在所處的正好是偏熱的年份期。因此本空用recently強調當下更佳。若選frequently表示「我們頻繁處在偏熱的年份」,則與科學家所持的氣溫冷熱無規律交替的觀點不相符合。
題目三:
本文選自2005年9月及10月TIME雜誌上Chevron(雪佛龍,美國第二大能源公司)公司的廣告。
The fact is, the world has been finding less oil than it’s been using for 20 years now. Not only has demand been soaring, but the oil we』ve been finding is coming from places that are tough to reach. At the same time, more of this newly discovered oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to refine. And because demand for this precious resource will grow, according to some, by over 40% by 2025, fuelling the world’s growing economic prosperity will take a lot more energy from every possible source.
The energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to search for new reserves. Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be more viable parts of the energy equation. Governments need to create energy policies that promote economically and environmentally sound development. Consumers must demand, and be willing to pay for, some of these solutions, while practising conservation efforts of their own.
Inaction is not an option. But if everyone works together, we can balance this equation. We’re taking some of the steps needed to get started, but we need your help to get the rest of the way.
答案解析
36. N) soaring
本空所在句式在用進行時表示目前石油需求的變化,該空需要動詞ing形式。備選的有declining(下降)和soaring(猛增)。注意前句提到世界上找到的石油越來越少,可推知本文探討的應該是石油供應不足的現象,那麼石油的需求應當是上升的。因此選soaring。
37. E) difficult
本空是表語,且是在描述石油的來源地的特徵,應當需要形容詞。考慮到前句已經提到石油供應不足,那麼這裡應當描述的也是消極的現狀,即石油來源地也很難接近,difficult無論詞性還是意思上都很滿足。
38. F) discovered
本空是形容詞在形容石油,空前的newly提示了這裡所描述的石油應當是和前文提到的已經找到(find)的石油相對比。因此這裡提到的應當是新找到的石油,discovered分詞作為形容詞使用,意思上也很合理。
39. L) refine
本空位於不定式中,因此需要動詞原形。備選的有cultivate(培養)和refine(提煉)。注意到本不定式是在描述新開發的石油所需要進行的工序,能構成合理意思的只有refine。refine the oil意為「煉油」。
40. J) growth
本空被形容詞economic修飾,需要名詞。備選的有exception(例外)、growth(增長)、option(選擇)reserves(儲備)和steps(步驟)。能與economic構成合理搭配的只有growth,這裡表示「世界經濟的增長」。
41. M) reserves
本空被形容詞new修飾,且在介詞for後,需要名詞。備選的有exception(例外)、option(選擇)reserves(儲備)和steps(步驟)。注意本句提到的是能源行業需要持續搜索的東西,能構成合理意思的只有reserves,意為需要只需尋找「新的能源儲備」。
42. I) feasible
本空修飾名詞parts,且空前有more,因此需要形容詞。備選的還有declining(下降的)和feasible(可行的)。本句描述的是風能、太陽能、氫能等,根據文章話題,明顯是希望這些新能源發揮更大作用,因此這裡不可能選declining。feasible在這裡構成的意思是「能源方程中更合理的部分」,即更合理的解決方案。
43. G) economically
本空與空後的environmentally用and構成了並列,可知需要副詞。備選的有consequently(因此)與economically(經濟上)。其中能與environmentally(環境上)含義上構成並列的只有economically。
44. K) option
空前的an提示本空需要名詞,且必須是可數名詞單數。備選的有exception(例外)和option(選擇)。句首的inaction意為「不作為」,因此能構成合理意思的只有option。本句意思是「無所作為不是一個選擇」,即我們決不能不採取行動。
45. O) steps
空前的the提示本空需要名詞,且some提示本空需要名詞複數。符合條件的只有steps(步驟)。take steps意為「採取措施「。
(實習編輯:王尋)
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