高度重排的染色體揭示基因組拓撲結構
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/8/4 20:25:17
歐洲分子生物學實驗室Eileen E. M. Furlong、Jan O. Korbel、Yad Ghavi-Helm團隊取得一項新突破。他們的研究開發出了高度重組的染色體揭示了基因組拓撲結構和基因表達之間的解耦。 該研究於2019年8月發表於國際一流學術期刊《自然—遺傳學》雜誌上。
在這篇研究中,研究人員採用高度重排的染色體(平衡子)綜合評估了基因組拓撲結構和基因表達之間的相互作用,這些染色體跨越了約75%的果蠅基因組。使用轉基因(balancer品系/野生型)胚胎,課題組研究人員檢測了拓撲結構中等位基因的特異性變化和順式元件中基因的表達變化,同時儘量減少反式效應。通過基因組測序,該課題組研究人員解決了8個大型嵌套反轉、較小反轉、重複和數千個刪除。這些廣泛的重組引起了染色質拓撲結構的許多變化,破壞遠程循環、拓撲關聯域(TADs)和啟動子相互作用。然而,這些並不能預測表達的變化。基因表達改變一般不發生在反轉斷點,這表明不適當的增強子啟動子激活是一種罕見的事件。類似地,改變或融合TADs,改變TAD內連接和中斷遠程TAD間迴路,不會改變大多數基因的表達。他們的研究結果表明,染色質拓撲結構以外的特性確保了高效增強子-啟動子相互作用。
據了解,染色質拓撲結構與基因表達有著錯綜複雜的聯繫,但其功能性需求仍不清楚。
附:英文原文
Title: Highly rearranged chromosomes reveal uncoupling between genome topology and gene expression
Author: Yad Ghavi-Helm, Aleksander Jankowski, Sascha Meiers, Rebecca R. Viales, Jan O. Korbel, Eileen E. M. Furlong
Issue&Volume: Volume 51 Issue 8
Abstract: Chromatin topology is intricately linked to gene expression, yet its functional requirement remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively assessed the interplay between genome topology and gene expression using highly rearranged chromosomes (balancers) spanning ~75% of the Drosophila genome. Using transheterozyte (balancer/wild-type) embryos, we measured allele-specific changes in topology and gene expression in cis, while minimizing trans effects. Through genome sequencing, we resolved eight large nested inversions, smaller inversions, duplications and thousands of deletions. These extensive rearrangements caused many changes to chromatin topology, disrupting long-range loops, topologically associating domains (TADs) and promoter interactions, yet these are not predictive of changes in expression. Gene expression is generally not altered around inversion breakpoints, indicating that mis-appropriate enhancerpromoter activation is a rare event. Similarly, shuffling or fusing TADs, changing intra-TAD connections and disrupting long-range inter-TAD loops does not alter expression for the majority of genes. Our results suggest that properties other than chromatin topology ensure productive enhancerpromoter interactions.
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0462-3
Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0462-3