本次精讀的文章選自2020年3月14日出版的《經濟學人》,分析了海龜吃塑料的原因。標題為Why turtles eat plastic rubbish,我節選了文中的四段進行精讀分享。
文章梗概
近幾年出現大量海龜吞食塑料的死亡事件,因為它們根本無法消化這些塑料。但為什麼海龜這麼愛吃塑料?專家推測是因為海洋微生物附著在漂浮於海洋的塑料物體上,被微生物佔領的塑料會釋放一種名叫二甲基硫化物的氣體,而這種氣味對於海龜來說,就是食物的信號,導致海龜誤食塑料。研究人員通過實驗證實了這一觀點。
段落解析
Turtles have an unfortunate habit of devouring plastic objects floating in the sea. These then get snared in their alimentary canals, cannot be broken down by the animals' digestive enzymes and may ultimately kill them.
【翻譯】
海龜有一個令人嘆息的習慣,那就是吞食浮在海裡的塑料製品。然後這些塑料製品會陷於海龜的消化道中,無法被海龜的消化酶無法分解掉,這些塑料最後可能會要了它們的命。
【解析】
Turtles have an unfortunate habit ofdevouringplastic objectsfloatingin the sea.
句中devouring意為「吞食」,跟在of後面,以Ving+n的短句形式,來修飾habit,描述具體是什麼樣的習慣。
而floating in the sea則是palstic objects的定語,修飾塑料製品的狀態。
These thenget snaredin theiralimentary canals, cannot bebroken downby the animals'digestive enzymesand may ultimatelykillthem.
此句中有三個生詞,get snared意為「陷入困境」;alimentry canals意為「消化道」;digestive enzymes意為「消化酶」。
而句首的these指代「塑料製品」,是劃線部分的get snared、broken down、kill這三個動作的主語。
【拓展】
「get + 過去分詞」能用於被動結構和系表結構,用於被動結構時,它強調動作的發生;用於系表結構時,它強調狀態的變化。
強調動作的發生:(可被be替代)
Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我們搬家的時候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
強調狀態的變化:(可被become、come to be替代)
He went out andgot drunk. 他出去喝醉了酒。
It is widely assumed that this penchant for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat.Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles have no resemblance to jellyfish.
【翻譯】
人們普遍猜測海龜對於塑料的嗜好是由於錯誤的認知。例如,漂浮的塑膠袋看起來和水母很相似,而水母也是許多海龜愛吃的食物。然而,最終在海龜體內的許多塑料製品和水母並沒有相似之處。
【解析】
It is widely assumed that thispenchantfor plastics is a matter of mistaken identity.
此句中,penchant,名詞,意為「嗜好,愛好」。
a matter of 是大約 /大概…問題的意思,舉個例子:
don't worry, it is simply a matter of time, trust me.
相信我,不要擔心,那只是一個時間的問題。
come on, just take it, it is only a matter of one pound.
行了,拿著吧,這只是一塊錢左右的事。
Yetlots of plastic objectsthat end up inside turtleshave no resemblance to jellyfish.
紅色部分為句子主幹,而objects後的that引導定語從句,修飾objects。
此外,還有兩個短語需要注意:
end up 最終,後面可跟動詞搭配,end up doing sth
have no resemblance to sth 和…沒有相似之處,其中名詞resemblance的動詞形式是resemble,意為「像…,類似於」。
Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that something more complicated is going on.As he writes in Current Biology, he thinks that the odour of marine micro-organisms which colonise floating plastic objects induces turtles to feed.
【翻譯】
因此,佛羅裡達大學的傑斯菲·法勒爾懷疑其中有更複雜的原因。他在《現代生物學》期刊上發表的文章中寫道,他認為漂浮於海上的塑料製品中的寄居著海洋微生物,並散發出氣味,引誘海龜進食。
【解析】
這段的生詞:
odour n. 氣味
marine adj. 海洋的
mirco-organism n. 微生物
colonise vt. 開拓殖民地,寄居
As he writes in Current Biology,he thinks that the odourof marine micro-organisms which colonise floating plastic objectsinduces turtles to feed.
紅色部分為句子的主幹。此句中marine miro-organism藉助介詞of修飾odour。
後半句which引導的定語從句修飾marine mirco-organism,floating以ving形式,作形容詞,形容plastic objects的狀態,漂浮的。
The idea that the smell of plastic flotsam might lure animals to their doom first emerged in 2016.Researchers at the University of California, Davis, noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide, which are released into the air by micro-organism-colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food.
【翻譯】
塑料漂浮物的氣味可能會導致動物們死於非命,這一觀點最早出現在2016年。加利福利亞大學研究人員達維斯,察覺到微生物寄居的塑料會在空氣中釋放出某些化學物質,尤其是二硫甲基,許多海鳥就是靠這些化學物質的氣味追蹤食物。
【解析】
這段的生詞:
flotsam n. 漂浮物
lure vt. 誘惑
doom n. 厄運,劫數
notably adv. 顯著地,尤其
dimethyl sulphide n.二甲基硫
sniff vt. 嗅,聞
The ideathat the smell of plastic flotsam might lure animals to their doomfirst emerged in 2016.
紅色部分為句子的主幹。that引導的同位語從句,解釋什麼樣的idea。
Davis, noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide,which are released into the air by micro-organism-colonised plastics, arethose which many seabirds sniff to track down food.
此句中,certain chemicals引導了兩個從句,第一個是定語從句which are released into the air.
另一個是those指代certain chemicals,由which引導的賓語從句,比句可還原為seabirds sniff certain chemicals to track down food.
今天的分享就到這裡,感謝閱讀!
本文來源《經濟學人》,僅供學習與交流。
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