植物原生質體不僅是細胞融合的理想材料,也是遺傳修飾的優選受體。近日,中國臺灣中央研究院的科研人員應用原生質體技術進行基因編輯,實現了單細胞基因突變修飾及植株再生。文章首先改良了禾本科、十字花科和茄科等近10種植物的原生質體分離和轉染的技術流程,並發展了菸草原生質體的分離方法,同時實現了突變後的單個菸草原生質體再生為成熟植株。同時文章結果顯示,在編碼Cas9和sgRNAs的載體瞬時轉化原生質體以後,通過PCR擴增單個原生質體靶標基因,進而分析突變效率,是快速評價基因編輯效率的有效策略。研究人員利用該方法突變了菸草八氫番茄紅素脫氫酶基因(NtPDS),再生白化植株的基因型分析結果顯示,在雙二倍體菸草中,4個NtPDS等位基因均發生了突變,且在大多數的再生植物中未檢測到Cas9的DNA。此外,研究人員利用該方法也成功實現了玉米原生質體ZmIPK的基因編輯。
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 12 December 2017
Application of protoplast technology to CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis: From single cell mutation detection to mutant plant regeneration
Authors
Choun-Sea Lin,Chen-Tran Hsu,Ling-Hung Yang,Lan-Ying Lee,Jin-Yuan Fu,Qiao-Wei Cheng,Fu-Hui Wu,Han Chen-Wei Hsiao,Yesheng Zhang,Ru Zhang,Wan-Jung Chang,Chen-Ting Yu,Wen Wang,Li-Jen Liao,Stanton B. Gelvin,Ming-Che Shih
Summary
Plant protoplasts are useful for assessing the efficiency of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR Associated Protein 9 (Cas9) mutagenesis. We improved the process of protoplast isolation and transfection of several plant species. We also developed a method to isolate and regenerate single mutagenized Nicotianna tabacum protoplasts into mature plants. Following transfection of protoplasts with constructs encoding Cas9 and sgRNAs, target gene DNA could be amplified for further analysis to determine mutagenesis efficiency. We investigated N. tabacum protoplasts and derived regenerated plants for targeted mutagenesis of the phytoene desaturase (NtPDS) gene. Genotyping of albino regenerants indicated that all four NtPDS alleles were mutated in amphidiploid tobacco, and no Cas9 DNA could be detected in most regenerated plants.
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