2016年9月6日訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --本文亮點:
在撤除外部刺激之後米色脂肪細胞直接獲得白色脂肪細胞樣狀態
在米色向白色脂肪細胞轉變的過程中自噬發生激活
利用遺傳學和藥物學方法抑制自噬能夠保留米色脂肪細胞
延長對米色脂肪細胞的維持可以改善肥胖和葡萄糖耐受
最近,來自美國加州大學舊金山分校的研究人員在國際學術期刊Cell Metabolism上發表了一篇文章,他們發現自噬介導的線粒體清除是導致米色脂肪細胞向白色脂肪細胞轉變的一個關鍵調控過程,抑制該過程可以維持米色脂肪細胞的形態和功能,該研究為開發以白色脂肪棕色化為方向的肥胖治療方法提供了新的思路。
米色脂肪細胞在最近幾年的研究中得到許多關注,成為肥胖治療方面一個非常具有前景的方向。雖然已經發現了許多促進米色脂肪細胞分化的調控途徑,但是維持米色脂肪細胞的分子基礎仍不清楚。
在這項研究中研究人員證明在撤除外部刺激之後,米色脂肪細胞會逐步失去形態學和分子特徵,直接獲得白色脂肪細胞樣特徵,而繞過過渡態的前體細胞階段。研究人員發現米色向白色脂肪細胞方向的轉變與線粒體數目下降,自噬增加以及MiT/TFE轉錄因子介導的溶酶體生成激活有密切關聯。自噬途徑對於這個轉變過程中線粒體的清除至關重要,在脂肪細胞中特異性刪除Atg5或Atg12抑制自噬能夠阻止外部刺激撤除之後米色脂肪細胞喪失,維持高產熱能力,抵抗飲食誘導的肥胖和胰島素抵抗。
綜上所述,該研究揭示了自噬介導線粒體清除控制米色脂肪細胞維持的關鍵機制,為對抗肥胖提供了新機會。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.002
Beige Adipocyte Maintenance Is Regulated by Autophagy-Induced Mitochondrial Clearance
Svetlana Altshuler-Keylin, Kosaku Shinoda, Yutaka Hasegawa, Kenji Ikeda, Haemin Hong, Qianqian Kang, Yangyu Yang,Rushika M. Perera, Jayanta Debnath, Shingo Kajimura
Beige adipocytes gained much attention as an alternative cellular target in anti-obesity therapy. While recent studies have identified a number of regulatory circuits that promote beige adipocyte differentiation, the molecular basis of beige adipocyte maintenance remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that beige adipocytes progressively lose their morphological and molecular characteristics after withdrawing external stimuli and directly acquire white-like characteristics bypassing an intermediate precursor stage. The beige-to-white adipocyte transition is tightly coupled to a decrease in mitochondria, increase in autophagy, and activation of MiT/TFE transcription factor-mediated lysosome biogenesis. The autophagy pathway is crucial for mitochondrial clearance during the transition; inhibiting autophagy by uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1+)-adipocyte-specific deletion of Atg5 or Atg12 prevents beige adipocyte loss after withdrawing external stimuli, maintaining high thermogenic capacity and protecting against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The present study uncovers a fundamental mechanism by which autophagy-mediated mitochondrial clearance controls beige adipocyte maintenance, thereby providing new opportunities to counteract obesity.
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2016(第三屆)自噬轉化醫學與疾病研討會
會議時間:2016.12.09-2016.12.10 會議地點:上海
會議詳情: http://www.bioon.com/z/2016Autophagy/