微擬球藻(Nannochloropsis)生長迅速,三醯甘油含量高,油脂含量佔乾重的比重達68%以上,油脂以長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸和二十碳五烯酸為主,是進行生物柴油煉製和工業化高產油海水藻的理想之選。全基因組測序數據和轉錄組數據的獲得使得微擬球藻日益成為研究微藻脂類代謝和合成生物學的模式生物。
最近,微擬球藻基因聚合技術發展迅速,多載體、多表達盒、雙向啟動子、雙向順反子等基因聚合策略保證了多個外源蛋白的表達生產,RNA幹擾、同源重組、基因編輯、插入突變等技術的發展使得基因抑制和失活變得更加容易。這些都使得微擬球藻基因功能鑑定、代謝途徑研究、菌種改良以及外源蛋白合成具有更廣闊的前景。
Plant Cell Rep. 2018 Mar 6.
Advanced genetic tools enable synthetic biology in the oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis sp.
Author
Poliner E, Farré EM, Benning C*.
*: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, USA.
Abstract
Nannochloropsis is a genus of fast-growing microalgae that are regularly used for biotechnology applications. Nannochloropsis species have a high triacylglycerol content and their polar lipids are rich in the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid. Placed in the heterokont lineage, the Nannochloropsis genus has a complex evolutionary history. Genome sequences are available for several species, and a number of transcriptomic datasets have been produced, making this genus a facile model for comparative genomics. There is a growing interest in Nannochloropsis species as models for the study of microalga lipid metabolism and as a chassis for synthetic biology. Recently, techniques for gene stacking, and targeted gene disruption and repression in the Nannochloropsis genus have been developed. These tools enable gene-specific, mechanistic studies and have already allowed the engineering of improved Nannochloropsis strains with superior growth, or greater bioproduction.
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