(26) 手指和拇指滑車樣結構和韌帶
重點：
屈肌腱鞘內襯光滑，供兩條屈肌腱走行。
屈肌腱鞘部分是厚的，部分是薄的，起滑車作用。（厚的部分是主要滑車）
伸肌裝置結構複雜，由伸肌腱，骨間肌腱，蚓狀肌腱組成。
以下為 艾氏人體解剖(26) 手指和拇指滑車樣結構和韌帶 英文講稿及翻譯：
Pulley-like structures and ligaments of the fingers and thumb
手指和拇指滑車樣結構和韌帶
Now let’s look at the structures in the fingers and in the thumb, which hold the flexor and extensor tendons in place, allow them to move,and guide their direction of pull.
現在我們看手指和拇指的結構，這些結構保持屈伸肌腱在適當的位置，允許它們移動，並引導它們的拉力方向。
In each finger, this structure, the flexor tendon sheath, provides the two flexor tendons with a smoothly lined, tightly enclosing tunnel to run in.
在每個手指，這個結構，屈肌腱鞘，提供給兩條屈肌腱走行在一個內襯光滑的，緊緊包圍的管道中。
The sheath starts just proximal to the MP joint, and extends all the way to the distal phalanx.
腱鞘正在掌指關節近端開始，一直延伸到遠節指骨。
To see the sheath better, we』ll divide it.
為了更好地觀察腱鞘，我們將分開它。
Parts of the sheath are thick and fibrous, and parts of it are thin and collapsible.
部分腱鞘是厚纖維性的，部分是薄的可摺疊的。
On this finger we』ll remove the thin parts of the sheath and just leave the thick parts.
在這個手指我們將移除腱鞘薄的部分，只留下厚的部分。
These act as pulleys for the flexor tendons, as we』ll see.
這些結構擔任屈肌腱的滑車，如我們將看到的。
At each joint the sheath is attached to the edge of the palmar plate.
腱鞘在每個關節附著於掌板邊緣。
Between the joints the sheath is attached along each phalanx.
在關節之間腱鞘沿著每節指骨附著。
The floor of the tunnel for the flexor tendons is formed by the palmar plates, and by the smooth flattened surfaces of the phalanges.
屈肌腱鞘管的底是由掌板，和指骨的光滑扁平表面形成。
The thumb has a similar flexor tendon sheath for its one long flexor tendon.
拇指有相似的屈肌腱鞘，容納它的一個長屈肌腱。
The arrangement for the extensor tendon is entirely different, and quite complex.
伸肌腱的排列是截然不同的，並且相當複雜。
On each finger the extensor tendon, and the tendons of three intrinsic muscles, come together to form a structure called the extensor mechanism.
在每個手指上的伸肌腱，和三條內在肌肌腱，匯聚到一起形成一個叫做伸肌裝置的結構。
Let’s take a look at it.
我們看一下。
We』ll look at the muscles themselves a little later.
稍後我們將看它們本身的肌肉。
So that we can see the extensor mechanism from all sides, we』ll look at one finger in isolation.
為了我們能夠全方位地觀察伸肌裝置，我們將單獨地看一根手指。
Here’s the extensor tendon, approaching the back of the MP joint.
這是伸肌腱，途經掌指關節背側。
Here,both on the radial side, and on the ulnar side, is the tendon of one of the interosseous muscles.
這兒，在橈側和尺側兩側，是其中一條骨間肌的肌腱。
In addition, here, on the radial side only, is the tendon of a lumbrical muscle.
另外，這兒，僅在橈側，是一條蚓狀肌的肌腱。
On each side a triangular sheet of tendinous tissue fans out, and connects the extensor tendon to the interosseous tendon.
在每一側三角形的腱性組織片成扇形散開，連接伸肌腱到骨間肌腱。
This triangular sheet is called the extensor hood.
這個三角形片叫做伸肌腱腱帽。
The big extensor tendon divides into three slips over the proximal phalanx.
大的伸肌腱在近節指骨上方分為3束。
The central slip crosses the proximal IP joint and inserts here, on the base of the middle phalanx.
中央束越過近側指間關節並止於這兒，中節指骨基底。
The slips on each side fuse with the interosseous tendon to form the two lateral bands.
兩側腱束與骨間肌腱融合形成兩條外側束。
The lateral bands join together over the middle phalanx and insert here, on the base of the distal phalanx.
外側束在中節指骨上相聯合併止於這兒，遠節指骨基底。
The thumb doesn’t have such a complex extensor mechanism.
拇指沒有如此複雜的伸肌裝置。
The insertion of its two extensor tendons is relatively simple, as we』ll see.
它的兩條伸肌腱的止點相對簡單，如我們將看到的。
One last structure to look at before we move on to muscles is the palmar fascia,or palmar aponeurosis.
在我們繼續肌肉之前看的最後一個結構是掌腱膜。
It’s a dense triangular sheet of fibrous tissue which covers the middle part of the palm of the hand.
它是緻密的三角形的纖維組織片，它覆蓋手掌的中間部分。
Proximally it’s continuous with the flexor retinaculum and with the tendon of palmaris longus.
向近端它與屈肌支持帶相連續，和掌長肌腱相連續。
Distally it separates into slips, which insert into the edges of the palmar plates of the MP joints.
遠端它分開成束，止於掌指關節掌板的邊緣。
The palmar fascia protects the underlying nerves, tendons and vessels from harm.
掌腱膜保護下方的神經，肌腱和血管免受傷害。
The skin of the palm of the hand is firmly attached to it.
手掌部皮膚緊緊附著於掌腱膜。