溫度限制了南開海槽俯衝帶深層海底的生物量
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/12/4 16:34:20
德國不萊梅大學Kai-Uwe Hinrichs團隊發現,溫度限制了南開海槽俯衝帶深層海底生物的生存。這一研究成果發表在2020年12月4日出版的國際學術期刊《科學》上。
研究人員調查了南開海槽俯衝帶中1.2公裡深和120°C高溫沉積物中微生物的壽命。在高於45°C的環境中,營養細胞的濃度下降了兩個數量級,並且內生孢子的富集度比營養細胞高6000倍。甲烷是由生物活動產生,直到沉積物達到80°至85°C時才會被氧化。 在100°至120°C的沉積物中,同位素和細胞濃度增加證明了可降解乙酸鹽超嗜熱菌的活性。在高於45°C的地帶,生物量稠密區域與無法檢測到微生物的192米深區域交替出現。
據了解,海洋地下沉積物中的微生物極大地促進了全球生物量。高於40°C的沉積物約佔海洋沉積物總量的一半,但在這些難以接近的環境中,由微生物種群介導的過程知之甚少。
附:英文原文
Title: Temperature limits to deep subseafloor life in the Nankai Trough subduction zone
Author: Verena B. Heuer, Fumio Inagaki, Yuki Morono, Yusuke Kubo, Arthur J. Spivack, Bernhard Viehweger, Tina Treude, Felix Beulig, Florence Schubotz, Satoshi Tonai, Stephen A. Bowden, Margaret Cramm, Susann Henkel, Takehiro Hirose, Kira Homola, Tatsuhiko Hoshino, Akira Ijiri, Hiroyuki Imachi, Nana Kamiya, Masanori Kaneko, Lorenzo Lagostina, Hayley Manners, Harry-Luke McClelland, Kyle Metcalfe, Natsumi Okutsu, Donald Pan, Maija J. Raudsepp, Justine Sauvage, Man-Yin Tsang, David T. Wang, Emily Whitaker, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Kiho Yang, Lena Maeda, Rishi R. Adhikari, Clemens Glombitza, Yohei Hamada, Jens Kallmeyer, Jenny Wendt, Lars Wrmer, Yasuhiro Yamada, Masataka Kinoshita, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Issue&Volume: 2020/12/04
Abstract: Microorganisms in marine subsurface sediments substantially contribute to global biomass. Sediments warmer than 40°C account for roughly half the marine sediment volume, but the processes mediated by microbial populations in these hard-to-access environments are poorly understood. We investigated microbial life in up to 1.2-kilometer-deep and up to 120°C hot sediments in the Nankai Trough subduction zone. Above 45°C, concentrations of vegetative cells drop two orders of magnitude and endospores become more than 6000 times more abundant than vegetative cells. Methane is biologically produced and oxidized until sediments reach 80° to 85°C. In 100° to 120°C sediments, isotopic evidence and increased cell concentrations demonstrate the activity of acetate-degrading hyperthermophiles. Above 45°C, populated zones alternate with zones up to 192 meters thick where microbes were undetectable.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7934
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6521/1230
Science:《科學》,創刊於1880年。隸屬於美國科學促進會,最新IF:41.037