——1809期122號Angel Day259
M: Today, we are going to do an experiment about the salt. It needs many experimental equipment (實驗器材), so we need a lab. I will take you to the place where I worked before, and there is a lab. Are you excited? Let's go!
去曾經工作過的實驗室蹭親子科學課啦!
詞彙：purification，提純，淨化
If you purify（淨化） a substance（物質）, you make it pure by removing any harmful, dirty, or inferior（較差的）substances from it.
詞彙：refined, 精練的，精製的，提純的
Made pure by having other substances taken out of it.
This is crude salt(粗鹽). It's not so white, because there are some impurities(雜質，foreign substance) in it.
粗鹽，醃製用。
Crude salt 粗鹽
Scale 天平
Filler 漏鬥
Filler paper 濾紙
Filter Holder 漏鬥支架
alcohol burner 酒精燈
asbestos net 石棉網
iron support/Iron stand 鐵架臺
medicine spoon 藥匙
Beaker/ glass baker 燒杯
Radiant-cooker 電陶爐
measuring cylinder 量筒
evaporating dish 蒸發皿
glass rod 玻璃棒
distilled water 蒸餾水
Pot/ crucible 坩堝
crucible tongs 坩堝鉗
sealed bag 密封袋
Step 1: weighing稱量
Weigh 2 grams of coarse salt with a balance.
用天平稱2克粗鹽。（此處用千分之一天平及稱量紙。一般實驗室用普通天平與燒杯即可。）
Step 2: dissolution溶解
Measure 10ml of distilled water with a measuring cylinder, dissolve the crude salt, and stir with a glass rod until it is completely dissolved. See, it is clear and transparent, with a small amount of impurities.
用量筒量取10ml蒸餾水，溶解粗鹽，用玻璃棒攪拌，直至完全溶解。看，它現在是澄清透明，有少量雜質的。
Step 3: filtration過濾
Use filter with filter paper inside. Pour the crude salt water in to the glass rod along the glass rod slowly. 過濾用漏鬥，內放濾紙。倒溶液時注意沿著玻璃棒，緩緩倒入。（註：漏鬥下應用燒杯，匆忙間用蒸發皿了。）
To make the filter paper close to the funnel, you can use a dropping glass to squeeze a small amount of distilled water to wet the edge of the filter paper.
為了讓濾紙貼緊漏鬥，可以用滴瓶擠少量蒸餾水潤溼濾紙邊緣。
敲黑板：要用燒杯裝過濾液，而非蒸發皿
Step 4: evaporation蒸發
Heat the solution with an alcohol lamp to to evaporate the water. Separate salt and Water. 用酒精燈加熱溶液， 使水分蒸發。（此處使用電陶爐加熱， 並用坩堝鉗固定蒸發皿。）
While heating and evaporating, stir the solution with a glass rod constantly.
溶液加熱蒸發過程中，需用玻璃棒不斷攪拌。
Step 5: precipitation析出
The precipitated salt particles will jump out if the radiant-cooker overheat. 電陶爐溫度過高，析出的鹽粒會跳出來。
If you heat it with an alcohol lamp, you will see the the salt precipitating slowly.
如果用酒精燈加熱，會看到精鹽逐漸析出。
See? These white substances are the salt we usually eat. They are called refined salt(精鹽).（我們平常吃的食鹽就是這樣細細的，白白的）
Step 6: weighing稱量產物
The salt is popping out everywhere, let’s turn off the radiant-cooker.
There is still some water in the glass beaker.
Never mind, we did it.
Let’s put the refined salt into the sealed bag.
由於鹽粒彈出，提前關閉電熱源，蒸發皿底部的精鹽是溼潤的，裝袋後有少量溶於水，如下圖所呈現。
正常情況下，這個實驗是用酒精燈加熱的，蒸發皿冷卻後，刮下來的精鹽是乾燥的。這時稱量產物，便可以算出此粗鹽的提純率。
1. 海水為什麼是鹹的？
There are about 3.5% salt in the ocean, these salts makes the ocean very salty. 海水中有3.5%左右的鹽份，而正是這些鹽使海水變得很鹹。
這套書很多媽媽都有吧。
In human body, salt is as important to humans as water or air. In fact, each of us contain from four to eight ounces of salt.
在人體中，鹽對人體與水或空氣一樣重要.實際上我們每個人都含有4至8盎司的鹽。
Salt helps maintain the normal volume of blood in the body and also helps keep the correct balance of water in and around the cells and tissues.
鹽有助於維持體內正常的血液量，還有助於保持細胞和組織內及其周圍水的正確平衡。
It plays an important part in the digestion of food and is essential in making the heart beat correctly.
它在食物的消化中起重要作用，並且對於心臟規律跳動起著至關重要的作用。
A human being can survive without any salt whatsoever from his food or drinking water for quite some time,at least a few days and possibly for a month or even longer, assuming he doesn’t lose any salt to perspiration.
假設人類不會因出汗而失去任何鹽分，那麼他可以在相當長的時間內，至少幾天，甚至一個月甚至更長的時間裡，從食物或飲用水中不攝取任何鹽分，而生存下來。
And When to Use Each One
Sea Salt 海鹽
Kosher Salt 粗粒鹽
Iodized Salt 碘鹽
Coarse Salt 粗鹽
Flaky Salt 片狀鹽
Pink Himalayan Salt 粉紅喜馬拉雅鹽
∎Analytical balance 分析天平
An analytical balance (often called a "lab balance") is a class of balance designed to measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The measuring pan of an analytical balance (0.1 mg or better) is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation.
分析天平（通常稱為「實驗室天平」）是一種用於測量亞毫克範圍內小質量的天平。分析天平（0.1mg或更高）的量盤放在一個有門的透明外殼內，這樣灰塵就不會聚集起來，因此室內的氣流也不會影響天平的工作。
（另：萬分之一天平是指能精確稱量到±0.0001g的天平，千分之一天平是指能精確稱量到±0.001g的天平。）
（∎電子分析天平）
∎Alcohol burner 酒精燈
An alcohol burner is a piece of laboratory equipment used to produce an open flame. It can be made from brass, glass, stainless steel or aluminium. The fuel inside is alcohol.
酒精燈是用來產生明火的實驗室設備。它可以由黃銅、玻璃、不鏽鋼或鋁製成。裡面的燃料是酒精。
（∎酒精燈）
∎Graduated cylinder 量筒
A graduated cylinder(measuring cylinder) or mixing cylinder is a common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.
量筒或混合筒是測量液體體積的常用實驗室設備。它有一個窄的圓柱形。量筒上的每條標記線代表已測量的液體量。
（∎量筒）
∎Beaker 燒杯
a glass cup with straight sides and a lip, used in chemistry, for example for measuring liquids.
燒杯是一種有直邊和尖嘴的玻璃杯，用於化學中，例如用來測量液體。
（∎燒杯）
∎Glass rod 玻璃棒/玻棒
A glass rod, stirring rod or stir rod is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes. They are usually made of solid glass, about the thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw, with rounded ends.
玻璃棒、攪拌棒是一種實驗室設備，用於實驗室混合化學品和液體。它們通常由實心玻璃製成，厚度約為吸管的厚度，略長於吸管，端部呈圓形。
（∎玻棒）
∎Wire gauze 石棉網
A Wire gauze is a sheet of thin metal that has net-like crosses or a wire mesh. The purpose of wire gauze is to be placed on the support ring that is attached to the ring stand between the burner and the beakers to support the beakers or other glassware or flasks during heating.
石棉網是一種金屬薄片，它有網狀的十字或網。鋼絲網的目的是將金屬網放置在連接燃燒器和燒杯之間環架上的支撐環上，以在加熱過程中支撐燒杯或其他玻璃器皿或燒瓶。
（註：以前實驗室經常用石棉網，後來改用陶土網，工作原理一樣，但陶網更加耐熱和耐用。）
（∎石棉網）
（∎如何使用石棉網）
∎Crucible tongs 坩堝鉗
Crucible tongs are scissor-like tools, but instead of having two blades, these tools are replaced with two pincers or pieces of metals that concave together, which allow the users to grasp a hot crucible, flasks, evaporating dishes, or even small beakers.
坩堝鉗是一種類似剪刀的工具，但是沒有兩個刀片，而是用兩個鉗子或金屬片代替，它們一起凹進去，使用者可以抓住熱坩堝、燒瓶、蒸發皿，甚至小燒杯。
（∎坩堝鉗）
（∎如何使用坩堝鉗）
∎Funnel 漏鬥
a device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening.
漏鬥是一種上寬下窄的裝置，用於將液體或粉末倒入小開口。
（∎漏鬥）
∎Filter paper 濾紙
Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier placed perpendicular to a liquid or air flow. It is used to separate fine solid particles from liquids or gases.
濾紙是一種與液體或空氣流垂直的半滲透性紙。它用於從液體或氣體中分離細小的固體顆粒。
（註：濾紙通常跟漏鬥一起用於過濾，有定性濾紙和定量濾紙之分。我不會告訴你我最愛用雙圈濾紙。）
（∎濾紙）
∎Evaporating dish 蒸發皿
An evaporating dish is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solutions and supernatant liquids.
蒸發皿是一種實驗室玻璃器皿，用於蒸發溶液和上清液。
（∎蒸發皿）
∎Stand 鐵架臺
∎Funnel rack 漏鬥架
（∎鐵架臺、漏鬥架）
∎Medicine spoon 藥匙
就是小勺子啦，專門用於取化學試劑的。比較常用的有牛角藥匙和不鏽鋼藥匙。
（∎牛角藥匙）
（∎不鏽鋼藥匙）
∎Distilled water 蒸餾水
Distilled water is water that has had many of its impurities removed through distillation. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container.
蒸餾水是通過蒸餾除去許多雜質的水。蒸餾是把水煮沸，然後把蒸汽冷凝到一個乾淨的容器裡。
（註：那個，我說明一下，實驗室用的蒸餾水不是我們喝的純淨水或蒸餾水哈。實驗室使用蒸餾水作為溶劑，是為了減少因水質帶來的實驗誤差。如果親們感興趣，我下次再來講講如何制蒸餾水吧，哈哈。）
託馬斯的假期作業有一項是"化學知識的實踐與運用"，於是請以前的同事幫忙，我帶倆娃做了一個粗鹽提純的小實驗。實驗步驟不甚嚴謹，純粹是讓娃們體驗化學實驗的過程。實驗過程用中文講解。
為了讓媽媽們更多聚焦到當下
也為了讓更多人更真切的體驗到
我們的一天有多「精彩」
也為了不甘於僅僅被別人酸，也想酸酸別人
現面向所有雙語工程的家庭徵集
#我的雙語工程一天#
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卡反正也是要打的，明星班不只在某個小範圍
Everybody，燥起來👇👇👇
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